1. Hamamatsu Photonics Hamamatsu Profile Development
Large Format PMT series
Oct at GDR neutrino
Marc Birkel/Hamamatsu Photonics France
(Hamamatsu Photonics Electron Tube Division)

2. Where we are Located

3. How did we achieve it

4. Presentation

5. Fundamental technology
Vacuum Tube
Technology
Glass
Fabrication
Material
Processing
Low to High voltage
power supplies
Electron-Optics
Fundamental technology
& Know-how
Electron Tube Division
Scintillating
Materials
Optics Design and
Fabrication
Low Noise
Analog Electronics
Mechanics &
Assembly

6. Electron Tube Division
Product Line-up
Detectors = Photosensitive Electron Tubes
Photomultiplier Tubes
Photomultiplier Modules
Ion Detectors
Phototubes
Electron Multipliers
Microchannel Plates (MCPs)
Image Intensifiers
UV Sensors
Spatial Light Modulator
Accessories
Light Sources
Xenon Lamps
Mercury-Xenon Lamps
Xenon Flash Lamps
Deuterium Lamps
Hollow Cathode Lamps
Light Source Solutions
Accessories
UV Spot Light Source
Electron Tube Division
X-ray Products
Microfocus X-ray Source (MFX)
Scintillators
X-ray Tubes
X-ray Cameras
Integrated Engines
Photoionizer
Fluorescence units
Luminescence units
High Speed Gated units
Optical parts
Lens
Capillary Plates
Fiber Optic Plates
Filter, Beam splitters « blocks »

7. Electron Tube Division
Application examples
Industrial Process
HEP and
Academic Research
Nuclear Medecine
Medical X-ray
Electron Tube Division
Medical diagnosis
Analytical
Instruments
Security

8. Presentation

9. Fundamental technology
Molded parts
injection
III-V Compounds
Crystal and
Process Technology
3D Silicon
Micromachining
Technology
High Density
High Accuracy
Packaging Technology
Analog & Digital
High Speed / Low noise
Electronics
Fundamental technology
& Know-how
Hybridization
Capability
Solid State Division
Optical Component
Design Manufacturing
and Integration
Direct Scintillation
Deposition Capability
Silicon Design
And Process
Volume
Manufacturing

10. Product Line-up Solid State Visible Photosensors IR Photosensors
Silicon Photodiode
Silicon PIN Photodiode
Silicon Photodiode Array
Silicon APD
GaAsp, GaP
Position Sensitive Detectors
IR Photosensors
Standard Type
Long Wavelength Type
Image Sensor / Array
Infrared Detector Module
PbS, PbSe
InSb, InAs
MCT
Two-color Detector
Optical Communication Devices
High-speed
Low-speed, Short-haul
Spatial Light Transmission
DWDM Monitor
LD Monitor
Light Emitters
GaAs G-P led
RC led
VCSEL
Mid IR wavelenght led
Opto Asics
Photo IC
Photoreflector
Photointerrupter
Phototransistor
Image Sensors
CCD, FT, FFT type
NMOS
CMOS, APS & PPS type
InGaAs
Room temperature bolometer
Solid State
Applied Products
RC & TG mini spectrometers
1D & 2D imaging modules
Photosensor Integrated Modules
Color Sensor Modules
X-ray Products
CMOS Flat Panel Imagers
Coated X-ray CCD Imagers
Direct Detection CCD Imagers

11. Application examples Solid State HEP and Academic Volume Application
Research
Volume Application
Nuclear Medecine
Automotive
Dental Imaging
Medical diagnosis
Security
Medical X-ray
Solid State
Telecom
Analytical
Instruments

12. Presentation

13. Product Line-up and Application solutions
Digital Imaging
Solutions
Drug Screening
System
Semiconductor
Inspection
Telepathology
Solutions
System Division
Industrial
Inspection
Life science Imaging
Platforms
High Speed
Phenomenas

14. Presentation

15. Fundamental technology
Product Line-up
III-V Compounds
crystal and
Process technology
Optical parts
design and
Manufacturing
Fundamental technology
& Know-how
Cooling system
design
Mechanics
and Assembly
Laser Group
Packaging
Technology

16. Development in Large Format PMT
PMTs for Deep Sea Neutrino Experiment
13 inch PMT, 20 inch Short Type
PMTs for Megaton Type Detector
Feasibility study for mass-production
Large Format HPD for T2K Experiment
High performance (Good S/N Ratio)
Next topic is Development in Large format PMT. Categories of developments are :
PMT for Deep Sea Neutrino Experiment, I will show you 13 inch PMT and 20 inch PMT with short length type
PMTs for Megaton Type Detector, I will explain you about feasibility study for mass-production, briefly.
Large format HPD for T2K Experiment, I will explain you about HPD (Hybrid PhotoDetector) and developmental situation.

17. Large Format PMT Lineup
20 inch
13 inch PMT is shorter
comparing to its diameter.
13 inch
8 inch
10 inch
This picture shows Large Format PMT Lineup from 8 inch to 20 inch.
As you see, 20 inch PMT is quite big and long, but 13 inch PMT is relatively shorter comparing to its diameter.

18. Large Format PMT Series
Part No.
Dia
Effective Area
TTS
P/V
(Peak to Valley Ratio)
R5912 8
f190
2.4ns
2.5
R7081 10
f220
2.9ns
R8055 13
f312
3.4ns R 20
f460
5.5ns
1.7
R7250
f430
3.5ns

19. Dimensional Outline of R8055
Electrodes and
Metal Shield
This sketch shows the dimensional outline of R8055, which is 13 inch PMT. Main difference from other PMTs is this metal stem flange. Usually, heating for sealing process damages the dynode surface. It results in low gain. Therefore, some distance between the last dynode and the bottom glass part is necessary to avoid such damage.
The metal stem flange can be sealed with Helium Arcing welding. It doesn’t cause much heat. Therefore the metal stem flange can avoid the heating problem, then PMT length can be made shorter.
Heating for sealing process damages dynode surface.
Metal stem flange can avoid the heating problem.
Metal Stem Flange

20. This electrode was developed for R7250, which is used for
R8055 (13 inch PMT)
17“ Glass Sphere
with R8055
17 inch
glass sphere
This is a sketch of 17 inch glass sphere with R8055. This PMT can be placed in the 17 inch glass sphere. This electrode was developed for R7250. It’s a fast 20 inch PMT, and is used for KamLand experiment in Japan. As the size of the electrode is larger compared with the tube diameter, CE becomes better. We think that R8055 is the largest PMT, which is suitable for 17 inch glass sphere.
This electrode was developed
for R7250, which is used for
KamLand experiment in Japan.
R8055 is suitable for 17 inch glass sphere !!

21. R3600-02 (20 inch) Largest in the world 11,000 tubes for SUPER-K
610 mm
These are a picture and a sketch for 20 inch PMT, R This PMT is the largest one in the world. 11,000 tubes are being used for SUPER-KAMIOKANDE experiment in Japan.
11,000 tubes for SUPER-K

22. Modification of 20 inch PMT
25 inch Glass Sphere
too long !!
Metal Stem
Flange
526 mm
610 mm
20 inch PMT is the largest one, and its length is 610 mm. Even if a large glass sphere like 25 inch is made, this PMT can’t be placed inside. However, if a metal stem flange is used, its length can be short like 526 mm. Then it’s possible to place it in the 25 inch glass sphere. The matter is whether a 25 inch glass sphere can be made or not.
Present 20 inch PMT
Modified 20 inch PMT

23. Feasibility Study for Mass-Production (not official)
to Improve Productivity of 20 inch PMT
1. Simple Structure for easy production
2. Unique Facilities for better efficiency
Early –Stage Estimation
100K tubes in 5 years (20K tubes per year)
Number of Employees : 50 peoples
PMT Price : $2,000
We have just started feasibility study for mass-production to improve productivity of 20 inch PMT.
Hamamatsu is delivering about 500K PMTs per year to customers in all over the world. Compared with it, 10K or 20K is not so big number. However, due to the large size of 20 inch PMT, its productivity is low.
To improve it, “Simple structure” is necessary for easy production, and “Unique facilities” is necessary for better production efficiency.
This is still early stage, but we got feeling that we can deliver 100K tubes in 5 years (which is 20K tubes per year) with 50 employees (instead of 100). The price could be less than $2,000. We believe that these numbers are acceptable range.
Next issue is glass bulbs. We are checking whether glass bulbs can be supplied from glass venders without big problems or not.
We are checking whether glass bulbs can be supplied
from glass venders without big problems or not.

24. Hybrid Photo-detector (HPD)
Photocathode
(-8kV)
APD
Output
Light
Photoelectron
<Products>
R7110U-40 (TO-8 Type)
R9503U-04 (Proximity Type)
Large Format Type (Development)
<Features>
Good PHD and CE
Good Uniformity
Immunity to Magnetic Field
This slide shows HPD, Hybrid Photo Detector. HPD consists of the photocathode, the vacuum envelope and the APD as the target. Its structure is quite simple.
(Operation of HPD is following. When photoelectron is emitted from photocathode, it’s accelerated by electric field. It generates electron-hole pairs inside APD. These electrons are sent to avalanche area, then additional avalanche gain is obtained. Total gain is usually 6E+04.)
This picture shows TO-8 type HPD, its type number is R7110U. We also have a proximity type, R9503U-04.
Large format type is being developed.
Features of HPD are good PHD and CE, good uniformity. The proximity type has immunity to magnetic field.
8keV
Electron Bombardment
X1200
Avalanche Gain
X 50
Combination of EB and avalanche gain

25. Pulse Height Distribution
K-APD = 12KV
1pe
1pe
2pe
3pe
4pe
5pe
This data shows comparison of PHD between HPD and PMT with pulsed light, which average intensity is few p.e..
In case of HPD, its electron bombardment gain is more than 1,000, it can separate number of p.e. like this. When LLD is set here, its detection efficiency is higher that that of PMT.
PMT
HPD

26. Sketch of 5 inch HPD
5 inch HPD was made as feasibility study for larger size.
Glass bulb of 5 inch hemispherical PMT was used.
APD Target
(3 mm in dia.)
Effective Area
(80 mm in dia.)
sealing tape
for protection
This is a sketch of 5 inch HPD. It was made as feasibility study for larger size HPD.
Glass bulb of 5 inch hemispherical PMT was used. The size of APD target is 3 mm in diameter, which is used for TO-8 type HPD. This is its picture. As we used existing parts like this bulb and APD, the effective area is limited as 80 mm in diameter.
180 mm
HPD : Hybrid Photo Detector

27. Next Step of Large Format HPD
13 inch HPD is being developed with collaboration of the Univ. of Tokyo and JST(JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY).
Working prototype would be made in 2 years (by mar.2007).
Development will be finished by Mar.2010.
Next step of large format HPD is shown here.
1. 13 inch HPD is being developed with collaboration of the Univ. of Tokyo and JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency).
2. Working prototype would be made in 2 years (by March 2007).
3. Development will be finished by March 2010.

29. Thank you for your attention !!
Any Questions ??