1. Mitral Valve Abnormalities in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Echocardiographic Features and Surgical Outcomes 
Ryan K. Kaple, BS, Ross T. Murphy, MD, Linda M. DiPaola, BA, Penny L. Houghtaling, MS, Harry M. Lever, MD, Bruce W. Lytle, MD, Eugene H. Blackstone, MD, Nicholas G. Smedira, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 85, Issue 5, Pages e2 (May 2008)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Mitral valve morphology. (A) Degenerative: thin leaflets with excessive mobility. This is a classic example of torn chordae to the P2 segment of the posterior leaflet with resultant anteriorly directed jet and systolic anterior motion of anterior leaflet with a posteriorly directed jet. (B) Myxomatous: similar to degenerative (A), with thickened redundant leaflets. (C) Papillary muscle: most common variant, with large anteromedial muscle inserting directly into A1 segment of mitral leaflet. (D) Restrictive chordae: single or multiple (shown) secondary chordae restricting anterior leaflet mobility and tenting leaflet into left ventricular outflow tract. (E) Restrictive leaflet: thickened leaflet often associated with anular calcification. (F) Long leaflet: defined by anterior leaflet length >2.5 cm and posterior leaflet length >2.0 cm; one or both can be elongated.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Risk-unadjusted estimate by echocardiography of postoperative mitral regurgitation (MR) after MV repair. The lines depict results of an ordinal longitudinal analysis that accounted for repeated echocardiograms of the same patient. Symbols represent grouped data that do not account for repeated measures, graphed to lend credibility to the solid lines. Squares, no MR; open circles, 1+ MR; filled circles, 2+ MR; triangles, 3+ or 4+ MR. Based on patient age of 50 years.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Freedom from mitral valve replacement (MVR) after repair or attempted repair. Each circle represents a replacement, the vertical bars are 68% confidence limits (CL) equivalent to ± 1 standard error, and the numbers in parentheses represent patients at risk. The solid line is the parametric estimate enclosed within dashed 68% CLs.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Survival after mitral valve repair or replacement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Each circle represents a replacement, vertical bars are 68% confidence limits (CL) equivalent to ± 1 standard error, and numbers in parentheses represent patients at risk. The solid line is the parametric estimate enclosed within dashed 68% CLs.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Survival in patients undergoing operation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with accompanying valve repair (filled circles) or replacement (open circles) for mitral valve abnormalities. Vertical bars are 68% confidence limits (CL) equivalent to ± 1 standard error, and numbers in parentheses represent patients at risk. The solid line is the parametric estimate enclosed within dashed 68% CLs.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Appendix Fig 1
Number of patients (black bars) with echocardiograms available at and beyond various time points and number of echocardiographic measurements (gray bars) available for analysis.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

8. Appendix Fig 2
Instantaneous risk of death (hazard function) after mitral valve repair or replacement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Solid line is parametric estimate enclosed within 68% confidence limits.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e2DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions