1. Survival analysis of rats implanted with porous titanium tracheal prosthesis 
Philippe Schultz, MD, Dominique Vautier, PhD, Johanna Chluba, PhD, Luc Marcellin, MD, Christian Debry, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 73, Issue 6, Pages (June 2002)
DOI: /S (02)

2. Fig 1
Final appearance of the titanium prosthesis with (a) longitudinal slot and (b) holes at the extremities of each tube.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

3. Fig 2
Titanium prosthesis positioned in the rat larynx (a). Ends of the prosthesis were joined at the tracheal ends, using the holes in the prosthesis (b).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

4. Fig 3
Scanning electron micrograph showing morphologies of rat 1 cells cultured 4 hours on titanium prosthesis surface. (A) Titanium beads on the prosthesis surface. (Bar, 1000 μm). (B) Rat 1 cells exhibit normal cellular shape with lamellipodia/pseudopodia. (Bar, 10 μm).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

5. Fig 4
Transverse section of the cervical area 2 weeks after implantation showing (p) prosthesis made of titanium beads, (ve) cervical vertebra, and (e) esophagus. The posterior tracheal membrane (pmt) was inserted into the longitudinal slot of the prosthesis. The submaxillary glands (smg) are located in the most anterior position of the section.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

6. Fig 6
The titanium beads 1 month after implantation. (a) The endoluminal side of the prosthesis is coated with fibrous and vascular tissue spotted with clusters of macrophages and resorption of multinuclear giant cells; (b) a few lymphocytes are present. (c) A new respiratory high ciliary cylindrical epithelial layer surrounds the tracheal lumen.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

7. Fig 5
Fibrosis around the implant 3 weeks after implantation. (a and b) Fibrosis within spaces directly in contact with the titanium surface. (b) Fibroblasts in the deeper layers are still present, but in low density.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )