1. 12.06.2014 Seite 1 GTZ SOLAR LAMPS (PicoPV) FIELD TEST Consumer Preferences and Impacts - preliminary results - Lucius Mayer-Tasch, GTZ PREEEP Uganda

2. Page 2 Ongoing GTZ Solar Lamps Study A. Field test research questions: 1.Consumer Preferences: Which lamp models do different user groups prefer? 2.Hardware: How do lamps perform under real-life, everyday LDC conditions? 3.WTP: How much are users willing to pay? 4.Benefits: What are the socio-economic benefits? (notably: which share of traditional lighting expenditures do solar lamps actually replace in every-day use?) 2007-08 market review overview of >50 lamp models 2008-09 lab test of 12 promising lamp models 2009-10 field test of lamp models that fulfill minimum quality standards Preliminary results available from: Bolivia, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Uganda

3. Page 3 B. Four new, practical research instruments to answer these questions: a)Consumer Survey with standardized questionnaires b)Focus Groups with users, local authorities, potential vendors c)Lamp Auction to assess willingness to pay d)Expert Interviews with local authorities, business owners, technicians C. Seven lamp models tested in Uganda: Aishwarya Solux LED 100 Solux LED 50 D-light Solata Mighty Light Freilassing D-light Kiran Ongoing Solar Lamps Field Test

4. Page 4 Ongoing Solar Lamps Field Test Field test Uganda: Consumer surveys with 2 samples of unelectrified rural households in Northern Uganda a) Sale of 110 solar lamps / 7 different models for assessment of field performance & consumer preferences (ongoing) Sale of lamps above 100 US$ turned out difficult lending of lamps to selected low-income households for a 3-month test period b) Distribution of 100 lamps to women with HIV/AIDS Interviews with 50 households with and of 50 households without solar lantern (control group) Assessment of field performance & impacts Field test Bolivia and Nicaragua: Household rotations, i.e. sequential test use of 7 different lamp models (2 nights each – cooperation with ESMAP)

5. Page 5 Ongoing Solar Lamps Field Test Household rotations

6. Page 6 Preliminary Results from Uganda Question 1: Which lamp models do users prefer? Clear preference for multi-purpose lamps / lantern type 360° light cone is preferred / considered most suitable for everyday indoor activities, i.e. domestic work, reading, studying, socializing Lamps are mostly put on a table, even if there is a mechanism to hang them up on the ceiling Preference for lantern design that resembles traditional lighting devices Marked concern about quality Users recognize quality products at first sight Customers ask for warranty certificates Protection of switches against water and dust is appreciated

7. Page 7 Additional usage Phone chargers are important extra feature / important selling point Almost all respondents listen to the radio several hours per day – internal and external radio functions are appreciated, but not a crucial selling point Most important aspect from users perspective Light intensity is most important lamp feature Clear light of CFL is preferred to dimmed light of the LED Portability is given little importance Heavy weight is considered an indicator of good quality For moving outside users prefer limited light cone in order not to be recognized (Northern Uganda marked by conflict…) Preliminary Results from Uganda Question 1: Which lamp models do users prefer?

8. Page 8 Marked difference between performance of quality and lower quality products Parts that failed most often: cables, connections, switches, battery, handles Sufficient cable length: min. 4 m recommended Preliminary Results from Uganda Question 2: How do lamps perform under everyday conditions?

9. Page 9 Sales Prices from Dutch Auction Freilassing + external radio 88.5 US$ Solux LED 100 75.5 US$ Aishwarya (w/o radio) 34 US$ Solux LED 50 > 24 US$ (not sold) Solata> 11 US$ (not sold) Preliminary results from Uganda Question 3: How much are users willing to pay?

10. Page 10 Light consumption increased from 90 to 930 lumen hours per evening through introduction of solar lamp Solar lamp replaces kerosene lamp as main lighting source in 90% of households, BUT: most households continue to use kerosene lamps, candles and torches 30% reduction in household expenses for kerosene and batteries for lighting Share of households where children study / read in the evening increased from 35% to 50% Evening activities are prolonged by 0.5 h Positive qualitative results for HIV / AIDS patients Preliminary Results from Uganda Question 4: What are the socio-economic benefits for users?

11. Page 11 Cross-Country Analysis – An Example

12. Page 12 One-size-fits-all lamp model does not exist: Lamp models are rated differently by users in different countries! However, there are some common findings: Light quality is rated as most important aspect across countries Suspicion against poor quality products in all countries Culture-related reservations against or preferences for visual design features (color, shape) will influence successful marketing; for example: Associations with colors: white is regarded as untouchable in Uganda for spiritual reasons; colors of ruling political party disliked by Northerners In Mozambique, one model is described as masculine Some like it large, some like it small… Cross-Country Analysis – Emerging Results

13. Page 13 Lab Test 2009 … &… PicoPV Primer 2010 For more information: