1. LAMPS (Chapter 3) Lamp efficacy, life, and color Incandescent
Incandescence (Additional information)
Light emitted from a heated object
Uses a tungsten filament enclosed in a glass bulb, usually filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gases
Operates at 4800oF
Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals (6170° F) and has a high conductivity
Efficacy (some additional information)
Efficacy = Lumens/Watt
Life
Color
Special lamps
Lamp Shape and size

2. LAMPS (Chapter 3) Fluorescent lamps
Fluorescence (Additional information)
Conversion of ultra-violet light into visible energy
Efficacy
Life
CRI
Color
Operation
Lamp types and bases
Preheat
Instant start
Rapid start
High and very high output
Lamp designations
Ballasts
Special fluorescent lamps
Compact
Energy efficient fluorescent lamps
Cold cathode
Neon

3. p (Stein)

4. LAMPS (Chapter 3) High intensity discharge (HID) What is it?
Production of light by passing an electric arc through a conductive vapor
HID efficacy and life
Mercury
Color
Efficacy
Life
Sodium
High pressure
Low pressure
Metal Halide
CRI
Comparisons
Other types
E-lamp
A compact high-tech induction reflector lamp
LED
Special semi-conductor chips (diodes) that emit light when connected in a circuit

5. LIGHTING NUMBERS (Chapter 7)
Terms and accents
How much light?
Luminaire photometrics
Luminaire (Additional information)
Complete lighting unit consisting of lamps, parts that position and protect lamp, and means of connection to power supply. Also referred to as a fixture
S/MH (spacing-to-mounting height ratio [spacing between two adjacent luminaires/mounting height of the luminaire); also called spacing criteria (SC)]
Coefficient of utilization (CU)
CU values are influenced by (Additional information):
Room surface reflectances
Size and shape of a room
Location of luminaires
Design of luminaires
Light loss factor (LLF) (Additional information)
Ratio of illumination of a given area after a period of time to the initial illumination on the same area
Usually two main factor are taken into consideration for calculating LLF (additional information):
Lamp lumen depreciation (LLD): A factor used to account for reduced lumen output due to aging of lamp sources.
Luminaire dirt depreciation (LDD): A factor used to account for reduced illumination due accumulation of dirt on luminaires. May be obtained by consulting the Maintenance Category of the luminaires.
LLF = LLD*LDD
Cavity ratio (CR) (Additional information)
A number that indicates the proportions of a cavity (space) calculated from its length, width, and height. Room, floor, and ceiling cavity ratio have to be determined.
RCR
FCR
CCR

6. LIGHTING NUMBERS (Chapter 7)
Footcandle calculations
Example calculations
Reflectances
Coefficient of utilization
CU values are influenced by (Additional information):
Room surface reflectances
Size and shape of a room
Location of luminaires
Design of luminaires
Lighting quality numbers
VCP
ESI
CRF
VDT

7. L
Perimeter = 2x(L+W) W

8. p (Stein)

9. p (Stein)

10. p (Stein)

11. LIGHTING DESIGN (Additional information)
Determination of CU
Divide the space into cavities: (1) Ceiling cavity (2) Room cavity (3) Floor cavity
Determine cavity ratio: CR = 2.5*cavity ht.*cavity perimeter/cavity area
Example:
Room cavity ratio = [2.5*5.5*( )]/ = 2.9
Reflectances
Find out wall, ceiling, and floor reflectances based on surface colors
Find out effective ceiling and floor cavity reflectances
Effective ceiling cavity reflectance: Combined reflectance effect of all surface areas above plane of luminaire
Effective floor cavity reflectance: Combined reflectance effect of all surface areas below work plane
Use actual reflectances when CR = 0
Adjust CU if effective floor cavity reflectance is more than 30% or less than 10%

13. LIGHTING DESIGN (Additional information)
Choosing a luminaire
Choose one that has a CU table available
Use lamps with high efficacy
Determine number of lamps and find out initial lumens, life, and replacement protocol
Spacing criteria (SC or S/MH)
Fixture spacing should have an acceptable uniformity of illumination. Use recommended SC factor to determine both across (side-to-side) and along (end-to-end) spacing.
Formula to be used for lighting design
Illuminance = (No. of luminaires*lamps per luminaire*lumens per lamp*CU*LLF)/Area
No. of luminaires = (Illuminance*Area)/(Lamps per luminaire*lumens per lamp*CU*LLF)