1. Functions Regents Review #2 Linear & Exponential y = ¾x g(x) = (½)x
f(x) = 2x – 5
Linear & Exponential
g(x) = (½)x
f(x) = 1.5(4)x

2. Which relation represents a Function?
Functions
What is a function?
A relation in which every x-value(input) is assigned to exactly one y-value (output)
Which relation represents a Function? x y 2 6 3 7 4 x y 2 6 7 4 6 2 7
Function
Not a Function

3. Which graph represents a function?
Functions
We can recognize functions using the vertical line test
Vertical Line Test: If a graph intersects a vertical line in more than one place, the graph is not a function
Which graph represents a function?
Function
Not a function

4. Functions
Functions can be written using function notation “f(x)” is read f of x Example: f(x) = 2x – 3 is the same as y = 2x – 3 x: input f(x): output
Evaluating Functions: Find f(-10)
f(-10) = 2(-10) – 3
f(-10) = -20 – 3
f(-10) = (-10, -23)

5. Linear Functions Linear Functions “y = mx +b”
The easiest ways to graph a linear function are…
Table of Values
2) Slope-Intercept Method

6. Linear Functions Table of Values Method Graph 2x – 4y = 12 y = ½ x – 3-4 -5 -2 -3 2 4 -1
2x – 4y = 12
Domain: {x|x is all Real #s}
Range: {y|y is all Real #s}
Positive Slope

7. Linear Functions Slope-Intercept Method y = mx + b
m = slope
b = y –intercept (0,b)
Graph 6x + 3y = 9
y = -2x + 3
m =
b = 3 (0, 3)
6x + 3y = 9
Domain: {x|x is all Real #s}
Range: {y|y is all Real #s}
Negative Slope

8. Linear Functions Horizontal Lines Vertical Lines
y = b where b represents the y-intercept
y = (zero slope)
Vertical Lines
x = a where a represents the x-intercept
x = (undefined slope)
y = 4
x = 4
Domain: all real #’s Range: y|y = 4
Domain: x|x = Range: all real #’s

9. Linear Functions
Writing the Equation of a Line Write the equation of a line that runs through the points (-3,1) and (0,-1)
Find the slope (m)
(-3,1) (0,-1)
Find the y-intercept (b)
y = mx + b Pt.(-3,1)
1 = (-2/3)(-3) + b
1 = 2 + b
-1 = b
Write the equation in “y = mx + b”
y = x – 1
b = -1
m = -2/3

10. Linear Functions
Write the equation of a line that is parallel to y – 2x = 4 and runs through the point (-2,4)
Find the slope
Parallel lines have the same slope
y – 2x = y = 2x + 4
m = 2
Find the y-intercept
y = mx + b Pt.(-2,4)
4 = 2(-2) + b
4 = -4 + b
8 = b
b = 8
Write the equation in “y = mx + b”
y = 2x + 8

11. Linear Functions
The graph shows yearly cost based on the number of golf games played at a private club. Write an equation that represents the relationship shown.
y-int: (0, 90) $90 initial fee
slope (rate of change):
$30 per game
y = 30x + 90
x: # of golf games
y: total cost
(3,180)
(2,150)

12. Linear Functions
Max purchased a box of green tea mints. The nutrition label on the box stated that a serving of three mints contains a total of 10 calories. Graph the function, C, where C(x) represents the number of calories in x mints.
Mints x
Calories
C(x) 3 10 6 20 9 30 12 40 15 50

13. Modeling Data with Functions
Scatter Plots: A graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data.
Correlation Coefficient (r): A number in between -1 and 1 that describes the strength of the data.
Calculator :
2nd 0 (CATALOG)
Scroll down to DIAGNOSTICS ON
ENTER, ENTER

14. Modeling Data with Functions
The local ice cream shop keeps track of how much ice cream they sell as compared to the noon temperature on that day. Here are their figures for the last 12 days:
Regression Line
Trend Line
Line of Best Fit
Least Squares Line
Ice Cream Sales vs Temperature
Temperature °C
Ice Cream Sales
14.2°
$215
16.4°
$325
11.9°
$185
15.2°
$332
18.5°
$406
22.1°
$522
19.4°
$412
25.1°
$614
23.4°
$544
18.1°
$421
22.6°
$445
17.2°
$408

15. Modeling Data with Functions
Interpolation is where we find a value inside our set of data points.
Here we use  interpolation to estimate the sales at 21 °C.
Extrapolation is where we find a value outside our set of data points.
Here we use extrapolation to estimate the sales at 29 °C (which is higher than any value we have).

16. Modeling Data with Functions
Write the regression equation (y = ax + b) for the raw score based on the hours tutored. Round all values to the nearest hundredth.
Equation: y = 6.32x
x: # of hours tutored
y: raw test score
1) STAT Edit (#1)
2) Enter data
into L1 and L2
3) STAT CALC
LinReg(ax + b)
Using the regression equation, predict the score of a student who was tutored for 3 hours.
y = 6.32(3)
y = 41.39
Predicted Raw Test Score: 41

17. Modeling Data with Functions
Calculating Residuals: A residual is calculated by finding the difference between the actual data value and the predicted value (Actual – Predicted).
The actual score is about 6 points below what I would expect after 3 hours of tutoring.
y = 6.32(3)
y = 41.39
Resdiual: 35 – = -6.39
A – P = – 6.4

18. Exponential Functions
There are two types of Exponential Functions
Exponential Growth
y = abx where b > 1
Exponential Decay
y = abx where 0 < b < 1
Rate of Change is NOT Constant.
An average rate of change can be calculated over a specified interval (see study guide for example).

19. Exponential Functionsy -3
2-3 = 1/8 -2
2-2 = 1/4 -1
2-1 = 1/2
20 = 1 1
21 = 2 2
22 = 4 3
23 = 8
Domain: All real Numbers {x|x is all Real Numbers}
Range: All real numbers greater than 0 {y|y > 0}
The function is increasing (x and y both increase)

20. Exponential Functionsy -3
(½) -3 = 8 -2
(½) -2 = 4 -1
(½) -1 = 2
(½) 0 = 1 1
(½) 1 = 1/2 2
(½) 2 = 1/4 3
(½) 3 = 1/8
Domain: All real Numbers {x|x is all Real Numbers}
Range: All real numbers greater than 0 {y|y > 0}
The function is decreasing (x increases and y decreases)

21. Exponential Functions
What happens to f(x) = 2x when…. 4 is added multiplied by -1 f(x) = 2x + 4 f(x) = -2x
Moves f(x) = 2x up 4 units
Reflects f(x) = 2x in the x-axis

22. Exponential Functions
Exponential Growth Model y = a(1 + r)t
The cost of maintenance on an automobile increases each year by 8%. If Alberto paid $400 this year for maintenance for his car, what will the cost be (to the nearest dollar) seven years from now?
a: initial value
r: growth rate
t: time
1 + r: growth factor
y = a(1 + r)t
y = 400( )7
y = 400(1.08)7
y = …
The cost will be $686.00

23. Exponential Functions
Exponential Decay Model y = a(1 – r)t
A used car was purchased in July 1999 for $12,900. If the car loses 14% of its value each year, what was the value of the car (to the nearest penny) in July 2003?
a: initial value
r: decay rate
t: time
1 – r: decay factor
y = a(1 – r)t
y = 12,900(1 – .14)4
y = 12,900(.86)4
y = …
The cost of the car was $

24. Sequences A sequence is an ordered list of numbers.
Use these formulas to define sequences and find the nth term of any sequence.
Arithmetic: an = a1 + d(n – 1)
Geometric: an = a1 rn – 1
a1 : first term in the sequence
d: common difference ( + )
r: common ratio (x)

25. Sequences
The first row of the theater has 15 seats in it. Each subsequent row has 3 more seats than the previous row.
Write an explicit formula to find the number of seats in the nth row.
Arithmetic:
Find the number of seats in the tenth row.

26. Sequences
Brian has 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents and so on.
Write an explicit formula for the number of ancestors Brian has in a generation if he goes back to the nth generation.
Geometric:
Find the number of ancestors in the 7th generation.

27. Now it’s your turn to review on your own
Now it’s your turn to review on your own! Using the information presented today and the study guide posted on halgebra.org, complete the practice problem set. Regents Review #3 Friday, May 16th BE THERE!