1. Action on Climate Change in South Africa: Challenges And Opportunities
Shirley Moroka
9 August 2006, São Paolo, Brazil

2. This Presentation: Institutional arrangements Energy mix and emissions
Vulnerability and adaptation
What has been done?
Current activities
The need for a plan of action

3. Institutional arrangements
DEAT focal point- coordination role
IMC- DEAT, DST, DME, DFA, DoA, DWAF, DoT, DPE
IDC (GCCC)- same as above
NCCC- National departments, Provinces, Municipalities, academia, industry, NGOs,

4. Energy Overview: Supply 2004

5. Where do SA’s emissions come from?
Key sources of emissions
Energy sector ~80% of GHG emissions
Supply on its own 45% (Eskom and Sasol) …
… but also users – industry, transport, others
The challenge of mitigation in SA is an energy question
No question that the fuel mix will have to change
if SA is to take some responsibility for mitigation
SA’s emissions are increasing …
… and high in international comparison

6. Major sources of emissions are energy supply and use
Waste 4%
Agriculture 9%
Industry 8%
Fugitive emissions
Energy industries 2%
45%
Other energy 7%
Energy industries: Eskom and SASOL
Major use sectors: industry and transport, but also all of us
Transport
11%
Industrial energy
14%
Share of national GHG emissions, 1994

7. Emissions from electricity projected to increase over time
300
250
Projected CO2 emissions from electricity supply, NIRP reference case
200
Mt CO2
150
100 50
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Based on data for the NER’s 2003/4 National Integrated Resource Plan

8. SA’s share of emissions, GDP and population
1.23%
0.92%
0.73%
Emissions: 2000, all six gases, no LULUCF
Emissions
GDP
Population
SA's share of global total
Data source: Climate Analysis Indicator Tool, WRI

9. SA emissions in international comparison
SA contributes 1-1.5% of global emissions
Share differs, depending on gases, sources and time-frame considered
SA’s share of annual energy CO2 emissions is more than 50% higher than for historical cumulative CO2 emissions with LULUCF
Challenge for SA:
Emissions per GDP and per capita high

10. POINTS OF VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE DUE TO DIRECT IMPACTS
Water Resources
Agriculture
Forestry
Human Health
Biodiversity
ECONOMIC
Fossil fuel based economy
Coal exporter
Developing economy
Financial constraints
Insufficient appropriate technology

11. Some programmes that have been implemented in SA to adapt?
Sectoral programmes focused on poverty
Landcare – transforms unsustainable agricultural practice
Working for Water – alien plant removal to restore water
Working for Wetlands – restoration of water sources
Working on Fire – Fire control
Potential for the use of LULUCF & sink strategies for mitigation are limited
Little forest cover
For SA, LULUCF is a vulnerability & adaptation issue

12. What has SA done in response to climate change?
National climate change response strategy
Outreach,
National climate change conference
Ministerial Indaba
CDM DNA established
Renewable energy target
GWh by 2013
Energy efficiency strategy
12% less final energy demand than BAU in 2014
NEM-Air Quality Act provisions
Controlled emitters
Controlled fuels
Reporting
Air quality management plans
Priority pollutants??
Etc.

13. CDM in South Africa Small but growing
Established Designated National Authority in the Dept of Minerals & Energy (
29 CDM projects submitted to the DNA (11 PDDs, 18 PINs)
44 MtCO2 over the period 2005 to 2012; possibly 942 Mt in PINs
Actively engaging in carbon markets
Emissions derivative trading on JHB Stock Exchange
Markets need certainty to secure carbon as a long term tradable commodity i.e. second commitment period for Kyoto (article 3.9)
Uneven geographical distribution issue for Africa

14. Current Activities Air Quality Act implementation
GHG inventory systems
Vehicles emissions strategy
Climate change R&D strategy
Technology needs assessment
Sector implementation plans of the national climate change response strategy
Bio-fuels task-force (food security & water scarcity)

15. South Africa understands urgency of action
“One of our most urgent challenges as the global community is to convince all nations to join and support the international effort to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. I have no doubt that the next few years will be crucial to move us out of an approach of stalling, of avoidance, and of excuses to one where we all accept our responsibility to deal with climate change within an inclusive multilateral international framework. Climate change is a global scourge and requires a unified global partnership for action”.
– Minister van Schalkwyk, April 2005 at ‘Champion of the Earth’ award

16. Need for a Plan of Action
All nations accept responsibility to deal with climate change within an inclusive multilateral regime that balances adaptation & mitigation
Consolidate fragmented decisions into a coherent programme of work.
Coordinate different strands of work
Supported by financing and improved investment environment from both public and private sources
Engage – political level; private sector, finance ministers, public …

17. Thank You