1. Bellwork: 1/24 Put your phone up  Week 1/22-1/25
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Why did it take less time for your BTB to turn green after exercise? If it took longer, why do you think it did?

2. Today:
Unit 4, Part V Notes
Fermentation Lab Set-Up

3. Materials
Unit Book

4. This Week: Monday: No School Tues/Wed: Sub – Planet Earth II
Thursday: Notes & Plan Fermentation Lab
Friday: Finish Lab Set-Up & Fermentation Packet

5. Homework
None

6. Unit IV: Cell Energy

7. Part V: Anaerobic Respiration

8. THINK!
Have you ever done aerobic exercise and gotten a cramp in your leg muscle? Speculate what causes that cramp.

9. Purpose Produce ATP Starts with glycolysis
In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic)
Starts with glycolysis
Pyruvate does NOT convert into acetyl CoA & does NOT enter the Krebs cycle
Instead – converted into either alcohol or lactic acid
Depending on the organism
This conversion is known as FERMENTATION

10. Alcohol Fermentation Used by many one-celled (unicellular) organisms
Bacteria & yeast
Pathway
Glucose  Pyruvate  Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Purpose of making alcohol
Regenerates NAD+
So that glycolysis can continue
Commercial use:
Making wine & beer
Baking bread

11. THINK!
Based on your understanding of alcohol fermentation, why does bread rise? Why doesn’t the bread taste like alcohol after baking?

12. Alcohol Fermentation

13. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Organisms that use this pathway:
Muscles, some bacteria
Pathway
Glucose  Pyruvate  Lactic Acid + NAD+
Purpose of making lactic acid
Regenerates NAD+
So that glycolysis can continue & makes ATP
Physiological Symptoms:
Muscle cramping
Commercial Uses
Making cheese & yogurt

14. Lactic Acid Fermentation

15. THINK!
If our muscles can do Lactic Acid fermentation when oxygen is low, why do humans die without oxygen?

16. Energy & Exercise
We need the energy from both anaerobic & aerobic respiration
Quick Energy
Needed to respond to danger, sprinting, weight-lifting
First few seconds - aerobic respiration
Long-term Energy
Needed for running a marathon, aerobics, basketball, etc
Essentially all from aerobic respiration
Also uses glycogen (carb reserves) and fat reserves

17. Types of Exercise Aerobic (endurance, cardio)
Ex: jogging, biking, aerobics
Increases blood pumped through vessels & heart
Muscles become stronger, more flexible & less easily fatigued
Improves digestion, heart function, lung function
Muscle uses O2 to undergo Cellular Respiration
Burns fat

18. Types of Exercise Anaerobic (resistance) Ex: weight-lifting
Contracting with as much force as possible
Muscles get bigger, stronger and more defined
Strong contractions cause muscle cell damage
Muscle cells repair & enlarge
You don’t make more cells, just larger cells
Need to give time for repair to see improvement
Without O2, muscles use Lactic Acid Fermentation
Acid damages muscles & makes them sore
No pain….no gain 

19. Answer the Questions in your NoteGuide

20. Today: Plan out your lab using the materials listed on the paper
Start rough lab plan – one paper per group
Write on a lined piece of paper 

21. Timeline:
Today: Rough lab planning on piece of paper (scientific question, hypothesis, experimental variables, procedures, data table)
Tomorrow: Finish lab planning & get approved by me
Monday: Set-Up Lab Notebook
Tues/Wed: Lab