1. NORTH AMERICAN GINSENG ROOT
(Panax quinquefolium)
Chike Azike
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
University of Western Ontario

2. Pharmacological Activities:
Traditional Use
-Tonic, Energy Booster, Stress Reducer and Adaptogen that
help restore the body back to balance and health.
Clinical Use
-CVT-E002 (Cold-FX) preparation, a proprietary extract of North American (NA) Ginseng Root is used clinically for the prevention and treatment of common cold and influenza.
Pharmacological Activities:
-Anti-oxidant,
-Anti-tumour,
-Hypoglycaemic
-Anti-inflammatory
-Immunostimulative
-Cardio-protective
-Neuroprotective
-Cytoprotective

3. Components of North American Ginseng Root
Ginsenosides
Polysaccharides
Peptides
Fatty
acids
Polyacetylenic
alcohols

4. POLYSACCHARIDES
Polysaccharides are naturally occurring polymers composed of various monosaccharides linked together through glucosidic / glycosidic bonds.
They possess complex structures because there are many types of inter-sugar linkages involving different monosaccharide residues

5. MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF POLYSACCHARIDES
Most plant-derived polysaccharides are relatively non-toxic, do not cause significant side effects, which is a major problem associated with synthetic compounds.
Polysaccharides of medicinal plants origin have emerged as an important class of bioactive natural products with the following pharmacological activities:
-Antitumour
-Immunodulation
-Anti-inflammation
-Anticoagulation
-Hypoglycemia
-Antiviral
This makes them ideal candidates for broad spectrum therapeutics.

6. Investigated parameters which have been shown to affect the biological activity of polysaccharides are:
-State of purity,
-Chemical structure
-Charge/solubility
-Molecular weight (MW)
-Degree of branching (DB)
-Conformation
Extraction, isolation and fractionation processes can influence the yield, purity, sugar composition, molecular weight, conformations degree of branching, acidity and chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides.

7. CVT Technology Patent for making North American Ginseng Extract and Fractions,
Processes of Preparing Ginseng Fractions CVT-E002, PQ2 and PQ223
1000g of dried ground root of NA Ginseng root
Extracted with 85% Ethanol (8 Litres)
95-100◦C for 3 Hours
Alcohol solution Residue
(Ginsenosides)
Combined with H2O (1:8) and
extracted at ◦C for 3hrs
Cooled to Room Temp and Centrifuged
Residue
Supernatant
Concentrated and freeze dried
CVT-E002 Polysaccharides
100g CVT-E002 in 2000ml H2O treated with 95% ethanol (1600ml)
Precipitate Polysaccharide PQ1 (MW 70,000) Supernatant
Conc. 500ml Supernatant Treated with 95% ethanol (1000ml)
Supernatant Precipitate
Concentrated and Freeze dried
Isolated and Freeze dried
PQ3 Polysaccharide (MW 1,000) PQ2 Polysaccharide(MW20,000–60,000)
Fractionate with Gel Filtration
Chromatography and Elute with
0.1N HCl & 0.3NaCl buffer pH 7
PQ2A Polysaccharide PQ2B Polysaccharide
Combining PQ2A and PQ2B
PQ223 Polysaccharide