1. By: Hanzila Khan, Jocelyn Huynh, Lesly Carmona
Nitrogen Group
By: Hanzila Khan, Jocelyn Huynh, Lesly Carmona

2. Nitrogen
Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by the same man who discovered that the atom had a nucleus, Ernest Rutherford
Rutherford trapped a mouse in a confined place and then removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from that confined place. The gas that was left over is what we now call Nitrogen
Atomic number: 7 and its atomic symbol is N
As nitrogen has one of the lowest number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus, its atomic weight is only about fourteen
Nitrogen is extremely cold as proven by its freezing point which is °C
Nitrogen is a gas and makes up 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere
The boiling point for nitrogen is °C

3. continued.. Nitrogen’s density is 1.2504 g/L
Nitrogen is used in many ways in the chemical industry. It is used to make fertilizers, nylon, dyes, etc.
Nitrogen is not very reactive

4. Nitrogen Pictures

5. Fun Facts:
Nitrogen is an insulator in all three of its states of matter
Being non flammable, nitrogen does not support combustion
Air is slightly heavier than nitrogen
It is similar to water in the fact that it is odorless and colorless
Interestingly enough, all living things contain nitrogen, most amino acids, DNA, and RNA
You are made up of 3% nitrogen

6. Phosphorus Phosphorus was discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brandt
Hennig Brandt actually discovered the solid when he was preparing it from urine
It comes in forms red and white (each one is different from one another)
Atomic number: 15 and its symbol is P
Phosphorus has 15 protons and 16 neutrons making its atomic weight around 31
Melting point: 44.2°C Boiling point: 280.5°C
Phosphorus is used to make many explosives and poisons, but it’s largely used to make fertilizer.
It is found in minerals called phosphates
The density of phosphorus is 1.88g /㎤

7. Phosphorus Pictures

8. Fun Facts:
The name phosphorus is Greek and it means “the bringer of light” because it shines in the dark
When Henning Brandt was discovering it he called it ‘cold fire’ because it glowed in the dark
When exposed to air, phosphorus burns and it is also poisonous
It’s a part of all DNA, RNA, ATP and the cell membrane
Phosphorus is also found in your household products like detergent
Phosphorus is colorless as a gas but either red or white in a solid form

9. Arsenic Arsenic was found in 1250 A.D by Albertus Magnus
He found the metalloid when heating soap together with orpiment
(orange-yellow arsenic)
Arsenic occurs in two forms, one which it’s shiny and gray and the other that is a yellow crystalline solid
Atomic number: 33 Atomic symbol: As
Boiling point: 613°c Melting point: 816.8°c
It weighs about 75 u
Arsenic is used as a doping agent for solid-state objects and is found in the natural environment
Its density is 1.97 g/cm3

10. Arsenic Pictures

11. Fun Facts:
Arsenic has been used in Greek, Chinese, and Egyptian civilizations since ancient times
The gray form is the most stable while the yellow is the opposite. It’s also the most toxic
The irony is that even though it’s toxic it is used for many medical purposes
It can be used as treatment for some forms of leukemia

12. Antimony
Antimony was found within several silver ores but Nicolas Lemery was the first to study it in 1707
It has a shiny grey-white color makinging it close resemblance to silver
The atomic number is 51 and the symbol is Sb
Boiling point: 1,587°C Melting point: 630.6°C
It had 51 protons and 70 neutrons making the weight about 121 u
Antimony is used in many things like batteries, glass, paints, pottery, etc.
Antimony is also believed to be found in the earth’s crust
Antimony is hard and brittle
Density: g/cm3

13. Antimony Pictures

14. Fun facts: In ancient Egypt Antimony was used as eye makeup
Antimony is related to the french word that means ‘monk killer’
It has two stable isotopes but 35 radioactive ones
It is found in over 100 different minerals
Antimony is a metalloid

15. Bismuth Bismuth was discovered by Claude François Geoffroy in 1753
It was known since the fifteenth century but he was the first to tell the difference between that and lead
Its atomic number is 83 and its symbol is Bi
Melting point: 271.4°C Boiling point: 1,564°C
It has a weight about 209 u
Bismuth is used when mixed with other metals like lead or tin. When this happens then it can be used to create fire sprinklers, fire detectors, etc.
It also has a density of 9.8 g/cm3

16. Bismuth Pictures:

17. Fun Facts
It was confused with lead and tin before actually being discovered
Bismuth grows in a shape that looks like a staircase
It is one of the few elements that have a lighter liquid density than it’s solid
China, Peru, and Mexico are the countries with the highest supply of Bismuth
Bismuth was the first ten metals discovered

18. Similarities
The densities of all of the elements are greater than 1 g/㎤
All of the elements have five electrons in their outermost energy level
Generally the elements have a silver/white color
Except for nitrogen, the other elements are solids at room temperature
The density of the elements increases as you move down the family
The elements aren’t very colorful except for bismuth