1. BINARY
MOLECULAR
COVALENT
COMPOUND
- Compound composed of two different non-metallic elements.

2. STEPS IN NAMING BINARY MOLECULAR COVALENT COMPOUND
1. The more electronegative non-metallic element is written or named last. This is usually the element present on the right side of the periodic table.
O + S = SO or OS?

3. GREEK NUMERICAL PREFIXES
2. Greek prefixes are used to identify the number of atoms per element present. If the first element consists of only one atom, the numerical prefix mono- is usually omitted.
GREEK NUMERICAL PREFIXES 1
mono- 6
hexa- 2
di- 7
hepta- 3
tri- 8
octa- 4
tetra- 9
nona- 5
penta- 10
deca-

4. 3. For the second element, the stem name is retained and the suffix –ide is added to the it.
O + S = SO?
+6 -2
S O
S O 3
Sulfur trioxide

5. Diphosphorus pentoxide
CO2
Carbon dioxide
CCl4
Carbon tetrachloride
N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide
N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
P2O5
Diphosphorus pentoxide

6. EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE H2O - water NH3 - ammonia PH3 - phosphine
CH methane

7. TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
- contains polyatomic (more than one type of atom) ions
- Naming follows the same step as binary ionic compounds, except that the name of the metal (using Roman numeral if necessary) is named or written first followed by the name of the polyatomic ion

8. NAMES AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS

9. copper (III) hydroxide
CaCO3
calcium carbonate
KNO3
potassium nitrate
Cu(OH)2
copper (II) hydroxide
Cu(OH)3
copper (III) hydroxide
HgNO3
mercury (I) nitrate
(NH4)2SO4
ammonium sulfate

10. NAMING
ACIDS
AND
BASES

11. Non-metallic elements combined with oxygen to form non-metallic oxide
Non-metallic elements combined with oxygen to form non-metallic oxide. The non-metallic oxide reacts with water to form an acid.
NM + O2 = NMO
NMO + H2O  ACID

12. TWO TYPES OF ACIDS
BINARY ACIDS – compounds of hydrogen plus non-metal.
Add hydro- to the name of the NM.
Remove –ide and replace with –ic acid.
Ex. HF – hydrogen fluoride (binary compound)
Hydrofluoric acid
HCl – hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid

13. OXYACID – contains hydrogen, oxygen and another element.
1. Polyatomic ion ends in –ate, replace –ate with –ic acid.
Ex. H2SO4 – hydrogen sulfate
sulfuric acid
2. Polyatomic ion ends in –ite, replace –ite with –ous acid.
Ex. H2SO3 – hydrogen sulfite
sulfurous acid

14. Metallic elements combined with oxygen to form metallic oxide
Metallic elements combined with oxygen to form metallic oxide. The metallic oxide reacts with water to form a base.
M + O2 = MO
MO + H2O  BASE

15. BASE – identified by the presence of the hydroxide (–OH) group
Write the name of the metal followed by the word hydroxide.
Ex. NaOH – sodium hydroxide
Al(OH)3 – aluminum hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 – iron (II) hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 – iron (III) hydroxide