1. SLIDE I: CONTEXT
Welfare and forest in Mozambique
Pindanganga
Miombo woodlands
75 km2
11 villages / 1364 hh
272 hh (20%) 6.08 members per hh
Sussundenga
Semi-evergreen forest
100 km2
5 villages / 1522 hh
274 hh (18%) 6.11 members per hh

4. SLIDE II: HOUSEHOLD INCOME SOURCES
Pindanganga
Sussundenga
Per cap income in USD:
Cash income: (9.6)
Sub. income: (2.3)
Total income: 181 (10.7)
Per cap income in USD:
Cash income: 92 (4.7)
Sub. Income: 48 (1.5)
Total income: 140 (5.3)

5. SLIDE III: INCOME SOURCES
AND SEASONALITY
PINDANGANGA
SUSSUNDENGA

6. SLIDE IV: KEY FOREST AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS%
SUSSUNDENGA
PINDANGANGA
CHARCOAL
0.14
8.87
MATS
2.27
1.33
BAMBOO
0.00
4.25
TIMBER
0.06
5.41
FUELWOOD
40.60
22.90
GRASS
6.09
5.68
POLE
8.29
3.44
MEDICIN
0.68
ANIMAL
4.61
5.19
FISH
3.23
5.11
MUSHROOM
0.41
0.16
GOLD
18.88
26.38
FOR ENV (USD)
39.17
83.11

7. SLIDE V: INCOME COMPOSITION AND POVERTY
PINDANGANGA 1 2 3 4 5
TOTAL USD
76.2
110.9
146.8
196.3
405.8
FOREST SHARE
12.9
13.2
17.6
20.0
17.1
ENVIRONMENTAL SHARE
23.2
20.5
23.7
21.5
GOLD SHARE
5.4
7.0
6.0
11.2
11.9
FOR ENV SHARE
36.1
36.4
38.1
43.6
38.6
SUSSUNDENGA 1 2 3 4 5
TOTAL USD
74.3
110.3
147.9
194.7
316.9
FOREST SHARE
10.7
8.9
8.1
7.9
6.9
ENVIRONMENTAL SHARE
13.6
16.8
17.0
16.1
16.2
GOLD SHARE
0.8
3.4
4.2
5.0
6.0
FOR ENV SHARE
24.4
25.7
25.1
24.0
23.1
PINDANANGA
Small-scale
farmers
Larger
agriculturalists
Diversified
producers
Livestock
Commercial
forest users
Wage workers
TOTAL USD
181.0
243.4
213.6
217.7
252.5
242.4
FOREST SHARE
21.2
15.2
14.7
13.4
19.7
16.5
ENVIRONMENTAL SHARE
24.1
23.7
22.4
27.6
17.9
15.6
GOLD SHARE
8.7
12.2
8.8
15.1
5.1
5.7
FOR ENV SHARE
66.0
55.0
43.0
23.0
22.0
12.0
SHARE SAMPLE 30 25 19 10 5

8. SLIDE VI: COPING STRATEGIES
RESPONSE
SUSSUNDENGA
PINDANGANGA
SAVINGS
55.6
45.6
AGRICULTURE
7.9
22.3
WAGEWORK
26.0
13.2
OTHER
4.9
6.0
FOREST AND ENVIRONMENT
1.0
LIVESTOCK
1.3
3.7
SOCIAL SUPPORT
2.3
2.0
REDUCTION IN CONSUMPTION
0.3
1.7
NGO & GOV SUPPORT
0.6
LOAN
0.0

9. SLIDE VI: STEPPING STONE OUT OF POVERTY
CASH TO TOTAL INCOME 
Small
diversified
Business
Environmental
users
Wage workers
Agriculture
Forest users
CASH_FOREST
13.0
3.6
2.0
5.0
15.2
CASH_ENVIRONMENT
11.0
8.8
29.6
7.4
13.2
6.2
CASH_AGRIC
12.7
11.5
7.6
17.2
22.4
9.0
CASH_LIVESTOCK
1.8
1.1
4.5
5.5
6.7
WAGE
12.0
14.7
18.4
0.3
8.0
BUSS
0.7
16.5
7.3
11.7
9.4
SUPPORT
1.6
1.9
0.9
6.3
OTHER
0.8
0.6
1.4
0.2
TOTAL (USD)
181
214
218
242
243
252
SAVINGS
+ (***)
IMPLEMENTS
+ (**)
AGE OF HEAD
- (**)
YEARS IN VILLAGE
+ (+)
EDUCATION

10. SLIDE VI: FOREST DEPENDENCE AND ROAD DISTANCE
SUSSUNDENGA 
dist_km
forest
enviro~t 1
environment
0.172
  PINDANGANGA
0.2212

11. SLIDE VII: POLICIES AND OVERALL FINDINGS
Indication that forest provide means of poverty alleviation and asset accumulation for poor and rich households.
Acknowledge income diversification – forest is just one component of many income activities undertaken by households.