1. 5/6/2019
Information Warfare Trends, Dangers, and the Impact for European Research Policy Dipl. Pol. Ralf Bendrath, Berlin FoG:IS ReG:IS Forschungsgruppe Research Group Informationsgesellschaft und Information Society and Sicherheitspolitik Security Policy Lecture at the Green/EFA Research Forum European Parliament, Brussels, 6 June 2001

2. Infowar: The U.S. Concept
5/6/2019
Infowar: The U.S. Concept
Goal: „information dominance“
Targets: not adversaries´ forces, but his information flows
Means: more than just kinetic weapons
Operations Security (OPSEC)
Psychological Operations (PSYOPS)
Deception of enemy´s sensors or soldiers
Electronic Warfare
physical Attack/Destruction
„Public Affairs Activities“ (Spin Doctoring)
Civil Affairs
Computer Network Attacks (Cyberwarfare)

3. Cyberwar: The U.S. Efforts
5/6/2019
Cyberwar: The U.S. Efforts
Goal: denying or disturbing adversary´s computer systems
Targets: military and civilian computer networks, banks, infrastructures,...
Means: digital break-ins and more:
Hacker-tools
Computer viruses & worms
Denial-of-service attacks
Insiders
Back doors
Electronic surveillance
Global network mapping

4. Cyberwar: The U.S. practice
5/6/2019
Cyberwar: The U.S. practice
have done it
computer intrusions since 1980s
cyberwar waged 1991 & 1999
part of military strategy
Joint Doctrine for Info-Operations, JP 3-13
Field Manual (Info Operations)
specialised military units
infowar units (since 1994, expanding)
part of combat commands (2001)

5. Dangers of U.S. Cyberwar Plans
5/6/2019
Dangers of U.S. Cyberwar Plans
IT - insecurity cycle
threat to privacy
acts of war in times of peace
breaks laws of armed conflict
covert operations, hard to control
use against domestic actors?
chilling effect on digital economy
cyber-arms race
Cyberspace less safe

6. The IT - Insecurity Cycle
5/6/2019
The IT - Insecurity Cycle
IT vulnerability
usage of
IT-security holes
cyber warfare
military and
intelligence services

7. Cyber Arms Control needed politically possible urgent
5/6/2019
Cyber Arms Control
needed
to prevent cyber arms race
to secure emerging cyber-society
politically possible
already proposed by other nations
computer industry would love it
urgent
dynamic still slow - how long?

8. Options for Action political oversight no first use
5/6/2019
Options for Action
political oversight
no first use
international convention on peaceful use of cyberspace
collaboration of security policy studies and computer science

9. European Research Policy I
5/6/2019
European Research Policy I
Guiding principles
good:
observation of international conventions
ethical norms: data protection & privacy
missing:
peaceful purpose for research and development
dangers rising from new technologies
not so good:
technology is the answer - what was the question?

10. European Research Policy II
5/6/2019
European Research Policy II
Information and communication technologies
good:
security technologies
cryptography
missing:
open source software
decentralized and diverse systems
not so good:
securing civilian infrastructures: self-healing networks or surveillance?

11. European Research Policy III
5/6/2019
European Research Policy III
Citizens and governance in the knowledge-based society
good:
diversity of ways to the knowledge-based society
security and conflict resolution
missing:
role of new media for conflict resolution
democratic control of intelligence services & the military
not so good:
JRC-Europol cooperation in developing tools to fight cybercrime

12. European Research Policy IV
5/6/2019
European Research Policy IV
Strengthening the foundations of a European research area
good:
science & technology indicators - but not only quantitative!
missing:
technology assessment before development
indicators for preventive arms control
assessment of social and political impacts of research projects
not so good:
too bureaucratic for small groups

13. Beyond Research Policy
5/6/2019
Beyond Research Policy
continue work against ECHELON and global surveillance
establish electronic privacy as a basic human right in Europe
stop European efforts to establish own intelligence services
stop ENFOPOL / ILETS
support efforts for cyber arms control
don´t believe the „cyber terrorism“-hype

14. It could be just junk mail, Colonel, or the beginning of a major enemy attack...

15. See you again in Berlin? International Conference
5/6/2019
See you again in Berlin?
International Conference
Arms Control in Cyberspace Perspectives for Peace Policy in the Age of Computer Network Attacks Berlin, June 2001