1. Behavior Based Safety (rev. 8/04)

4. What is Behavior-Based Safety?
Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury
Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury prevention
BBS is an injury prevention process 1b

5. The Safety Triad 4a

6. Behavior Based Safety Process Improvement Action Plan
SafeStart
JSA
Observations/Feedback
Behavior Awareness Training
Pre-Task/JSA Training
Observation Training
Data collection
Employee ownership
Action Plan
Process Improvement 11

7. The BBS Process Advanced Safety Awareness Training
SafeStart
Job Task Analysis /Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Job task sequence/hazards for each step/how to eliminate each hazard.
Behavioral Observations
Observe job task looking at safe and at-risk actions
Entered into data base/reports reviewed and action plans developed.

8. unintentional behavior
There are 3 types of at-risk behavior:
conscious behavior
habitual behavior
unintentional behavior
BBS is about unintentional behavior and habitual behavior.
To be more specific, it's about how to prevent mistakes or errors you never wanted to make in the first place.
Safe Start recognizes that there are 3 types of at risk behaviors. Conscious, Habitual, and Unintentional. Conscious at risk behaviors are where we intentionally put ourselves at risk in order to resolve an issue. An example of conscious at risk behavior may involve rushing a loved one to the emergency room.
We all recognize that no one gets hurt intentionally, this is why Safe Start looks at Unintentional and Habitual behaviors. When we experience an incident or injury, something unplanned or unexpected occurs. Safe Start looks at what caused the behavior that led to the incident or injury. Maybe you just weren’t looking at what you were doing. Maybe you just weren’t thinking about what you were doing. Maybe you have a bad habit, or you didn’t practice a good habit, and this led to the incident or injury.

9. THE CONCEPTS OF BBS CAN BE APPLIED ANYWHERE!!!
While Driving
At Home
At Work

10. Reality is… the majority of the time our own Bad Habits and/or our Lack Of Thinking Things Through
Cause us to get hurt!!! E

12. BBS
Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue
Complacency
Unit 1 

13. CAN CAUSE OR CONTRIBUTE TO THESE “4 CRITICAL ERRORS”
Eyes not on Task
Mind not on Task
Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/Grip
Unit 1 

14. INCREASING THE RISK OF INJURY!!
Eyes not on Task
Mind not on Task
Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/Grip
Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue
Complacency +

15. BBS Has rushing ever been a factor in an injury or close call?
Have you ever or almost fallen asleep while driving your motor vehicle?
Have you almost or been hit by another car because the driver didn’t see you?
How many of you have almost hit another car because you didn’t see it?
Unit 1 

16. BBS
Practice:
Recognizing the patterns (states to errors) you experience..
Unit 1 E

17. Critical Error Reduction by Triggering on States.
Be aware of the state you may be in so corrective actions can be made.
Slow down if possible.
Plan the job task to increase efficiency and hazard awareness.
Think about what you are doing, concentrate on the task at hand.
Give example of self or Universal (or personal) incident and how it relates.
Break into groups of two and think of example and present to entire group.

18. Scenario
Relate an incident in the state to error context and share with group.
(divide into groups)
Show next slide for terms to relate to.
Presenter relate incident showing relation to SafeStart principles.
Divide into groups to think of incident on or off the job and present to the group. Make sure you are on the next slide for terms to relate to.

19. INCREASING THE RISK OF INJURY!!
Eyes not on Task
Mind not on Task
Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/Grip
Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue
Complacency +
Let a person in each group relate a story with the entire class. Help show the state to error relationship.
Unit 1

20. Job Safety Analysis
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is based on the following ideas:
That a specific job or work assignment can be separated into a series of relatively simple steps.
That hazards associated with each step can be identified.
That solutions can be developed to control each hazard.

21. Job safety analysis four basic steps:
Select the job to be analyzed.
Separate the job into its basic steps.
Identify the hazards associated with each step.
Control each hazard.
Through this process, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient manner of performing a given job. Thus JSA systematically carries out the basic strategy of accident prevention: The recognition, evaluation, and control of hazards.
Once a JSA has been developed, it is prepared in chart form, listing the basic job steps and the corresponding hazards and safe procedures for each step. A completed JSA chart can then be used as a training guide for employees; it provides a logical introduction to the work, its associated hazards, and the proper and safe procedures to be followed.
For experienced workers, a JSA chart is reviewed periodically to maintain a safety-awareness on the job and to keep abreast of current safety procedures. Review is also useful for employees assigned new or infrequent tasks.

22. Pre-Task / JSA When are performing JSA’s required?
Cards may be used for JSA or Observation or both.
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Refer to Handout on JSA / Observation Cards
Discuss the 4 possible uses of the cards/Observation sheet. Tell them the next section will discuss the observations in detail.
Review Pre task and JSA sections then:
Divide into groups of three. Fill out pre task analysis and JSA portion of Card. (1) Changing two crank end discharged valves on an Ariel 4-throw Unit hot.
(2) Changing power head on Ajax Engine hot. (3) Compression test 3406 TA. Engine hot. (4) Replace bad wire to water level control located on top of 3516 cooler at surge tank. (5) Remove and replace compressor cross head on Ajax DPC 115.
Or pick a job task and write a JSA as a group. Display on a board as developed.

24. Behavior Observable Action Measurable Causes most accidents
Safe Behavior
At-risk Behavior
Measurable
Causes most accidents
Consequences motivate change

25. Observation and Feedback
Observation and feedback goals:
Create a situation where employees will consciously practice safe behaviors.
Reinforce safe behaviors.
Correct worker when at-risk behaviors are observed.
Through feedback look for the cause of at-risk behaviors; consciousness, facility/equipment, disagreement, personal choice, etc.
Emphasize the goal of creating a situation where employees will consciously practice safe behaviors.

26. Observation and Feedback Cont.
Follow standard procedures for all observations.
Observations should be brief but thorough.
Focus on actions, showing respect and genuine concern for worker being observed.
Keep information confidential, not a disciplinary tool.

27. Observation Procedures
Familiarize yourself with the work area and project observing.
Ask permission to observe.
Observe task, looking at safe work practices listed on the observation cards.
Immediately correct any imminent danger situations.
Stop the job and discuss the concerns.

28. Observation Procedures Cont.
At the completion of the observation give feedback.
Positively reinforce safe practices.
Give corrective feedback.
Record barriers found that may produce at-risk behaviors.
For self observations; Plan ahead and record observations immediately after task.

29. Feedback After observation stop the job for a short discussion.
Give positive feedback for safe work practices.
Give corrective feedback:
Why at-risk practice was used?
Ask if another method, using safe practices, could be used.
Offer ideas.
Review comments recorded on observation cards with employee.
Immediate feedback is critical.

30. Feedback Cont. Thank employee for allowing the observation.
Assure the observed employee that the process is confidential and is not used for disciplinary actions.

31. Feedback / Resistance Remember participation is voluntary.
Listen to disagreements.
Respect their position and find points you can agree on.
You may not have all the answers! Don’t act like you do.

32. Observation Form BBS observation types
BBS observation form instructions
Barrier codes
Comments
How many observations are expected?
Refer to Exhibit. BSO sheet and instructions for Observations.
How many observations expected? No quota. Quality not quantity.

33. Practice exercise: Mock or walk into shop for actual sample observation. Complete including feedback.

34. Data Analysis / Reports
Cards are collected (or JSA/BSO sheets are faxed) and sent to the Region office.
A BBS file will be available on the “H” drive for observation data entry.
Reports will be generated at-risk behavior analysis and to initiate action planning.

35. Summary Behavior-based safety
Reflects a proactive approach to safety and health management
Reflects a proactive approach to injury prevention 9a

36. Summary Behavior-based safety
Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury
Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury prevention
Is an injury prevention process 9b