1. GIS LECTURE 1
Introduction to GIS

2. Outline GIS overview GIS data and layers GIS applications and examples
Software overview
GIS 20 chapter 1 overview

3. Lecture 1
GIS Overview

4. What is GIS?
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computerized systems designed for the storage, retrieval and analysis of geographically referenced data
GIS uses advanced analytical tools to explore at a scientific level the spatial relationships, patterns, and processes of cultural, biological, demographic, economic, geographic, and physical phenomena
Got that?

5. Tools for GIS Hardware Software Multimedia (photos, videos, 3D models)
Computer
Scanner
GPS
Printer/Plotter
Software
Desktop GIS
Web GIS
Mobile GIS
CAD Software
Database Software
Multimedia (photos, videos, 3D models)

6. Unique capabilities of GIS
GIS stores related geographic features in separate collections of files called map layers
Map layers can be reused easily and assembled into any number of map compositions and overlaid for analysis

7. GIS answers the following
Location: What is at...? Where is it?
Condition: Status of features?
Trends: What has changed since...?
Patterns: What spatial patterns exist?
Modeling: What if…?

8. Scale of GIS data
Global to local

9. Vector data Map features Feature attributes Points, lines, polygons
Every feature has attributes (e.g. name, area, population)
Shape
Name
Class
Pop2000
State
Point
New York
City
8,008,278 NY
Los Angeles
3,694,820 CA
Chicago
2,896,016 IL

10. Raster Data
Stored electronic image or picture taken as an aerial photograph or satellite image
Composed of a rectangular array of square cells, called pixels, with a number in each cell representing the solid color fill of that cell

11. Lecture 1
GIS Data and layers

12. GIS example
Identify polluting companies and their proximity to populations in poverty, water features, or schools.
Start with
Databases
Map layers

13. Databases Not easy to interpret
Data obtained from U.S. Census and EPA websites

14. Data shown as GIS layers

15. Additional layers
Political features (municipalities)

16. Additional layers
Physical features (lakes, rivers, etc.)

17. Additional layers
Administrative data (schools)

18. Maps and tables are interactive
Identify features

19. Maps and tables are interactive
Select features

20. Advanced GIS functions
Proximity selections
Explained more in chapter 8.

21. Advanced GIS functions
Buffers
Select top polluting companies and show the number of schools within 2 miles of these companies.
Explained more in chapter 9.

22. GIS applications and examples
Lecture 1
GIS applications and examples

23. GIS applications A/E/C Business Defense/intelligence Government Health
Civil engineering, surveying.
Business
Site location, delivery systems, marketing, media and press, real estate.
Defense/intelligence
Military operations, geospatial intelligence
Government
Federal, state, local, economic development, elections, urban and regional planning.
Health
Public health, health and human services, hospitals, managed care, research.
Natural resources
Agriculture, archaeology, climate change, conservation, environmental management, forestry, marine and coast, mining, petroleum, water resources.
Public safety
Computer-Aided Dispatch, emergency/disaster management, EMS, homeland security, law enforcement, fire protection, wildfire management
Transportation
Aviation, highways, logistics, railways, ports and maritime, public transit
Utilities/communications
Electric, gas, pipeline, telecommunications, water/wastewater

24. GIS examples
Instructor should add examples specific to their industry or teaching here
What an excellent idea. I think I have just a few examples here…

26. A slide from the City of Carson’s economic development site, built by ESRI BP GIS planning. It is on line at

27. Analysis
An ESRI created map during the wildfires in Here imagery overlayed with population data shows how many children are affected by the Smoke plumes

28. What Should Be Anticipated for a Katrina-Magnitude Disaster?

29. A local fire run map page from Manhattan beach, such a map would be used if there was a school security incident, as it would help with response to such an emergency, the map shows the buildings and they are numbered to simplify identification.

30. A disaster response map from Manhattan Beach – this would be used to locate back up power stations

31. Responding to Citizen Requests in Torrance—Using GIS to Focus Field Investigations
City of Torrance

32. School Facility Needs Analysis

33. Zoning and Property Information

35. Fire Station Siting

36. Operations & Special Event Planning
Hometown Fair & 10K
Arts Festival
Grand Prix
Robinson Fun Run
Grandview Gator 5K
Earth Day
Fireworks Festival

37. City of Lomita Response to Los Angeles Co. Office of Emergency Mgmt.
Information Request

38. Tabular Data

39. Compared to a picture

40. Traffic Accident Analysis

42. Transportation
Route planning
Route locater
Identification of funding

43. Economic Development Sales tax provides 40% of the city’s revenue
Licenses and permits make up another 11%
Other revenue sources are eroding
Good jobs make for a stable community
Retaining existing businesses saves jobs
New businesses and development can replace blight
Economic development is proactive

44. Tabular Data

45. Maps Use maps to enhance text based marketing
Use vicinity maps to contrast with other communities
Demonstrate the unique strengths of your community
Show target areas
Demographics!

46. Analysis Know thyself! Identify under-served markets
Find potential development sites
Identify areas in need of redevelopment
Overlay projects with other activities to avoid conflicts
Make better informed decisions
Cluster projects
Identify labor pool

47. Business Analyst Online Demo

48. arcgis.com

49. Redistricting

50. Related technologies Global Positioning System (GPS)
Aerial photography

51. Data Gathering with GPS

53. What can’t GIS do? Make decisions -- it is a tool Solve problems alone
Replace legal documents (parcels)
Generate money by selling data
Can’t make a silk purse from a sow’s ear (GIGO)
Make your data more accurate
Update itself
Work by itself -- needs data and trained staff

54. Lecture 1
SOFTWARE overview

55. ArcMap (Desktop GIS) Main menu Standard toolbar Map document window
Table of
contents
Identify
results
window
Tools
toolbar

56. Map documents (.mxd) extension “Points” to layers
Saves layer colors, symbology, etc.

57. Layers Two layers USCities (red points, restricted to major cities)
USStates (yellow polygons)

58. Adding map layers
Separate files added to a map document

59. Geodatabases
The geodatabase is a "container" used to hold a collection of datasets (GIS features, tables, raster images, etc).
Country layer
World.gdb
Graticule layer

60. ArcCatalog
Arranges and manages geographic information in workspace folders and geodatabases.

61. Tutorial Tips No spaces in file names!
Check that files/folders are not Read-Only
Some results you’ll need to save for use in later labs
Send the result from the end of the chapter

62. Tips Just try It’s so easy, even a manager can do it
Ask for help and be willing to help your colleagues

63. You’re going too fast/slow!
Some tutorials will be in class to have help available
Some tutorials will be on your own because class time is limited
We will not do tutorials together or you would go crazy

64. READ!!! Don’t just be a button clicker
Read the text, not just the instructions
Don’t skip steps
Don’t freak out if something goes wrong
Learn from each other

65. Summary GIS overview GIS data and layers GIS applications and examples
Software overview
GIS 20 Chapter 1 overview