1. The Enlightenment
1700s Europe

2. The English Civil War & Glorious Revolution in England
The ideas of the Enlightenment spurred from two wars in England.
The horrors of the English Civil War created new ideas.
Following the Glorious Revolution in 1689, England developed a Constitutional Monarchy
Included a Bill of Rights

3. History-1/27
If a ruler unjustly rules your country for a long time, what do you do as the people?
What rules do you think are unjust at this school?
How could you go about doing away with this leader peacefully?
How could you go about doing away with this leader violently?
Name 3 time periods from last semester that people questioned long-standing beliefs.

4. What movements challenged these established beliefs?
The Catholic Church is the holiest church in the world.
The earth is flat.
The earth is the center of the universe.
People should not express emotions in their art and writing.

5. History-10/26 Why did the Enlightenment begin?
What was the main institution being challenged during the Enlightenment?
Which thinker was counter-Enlightenment when it came to power?
What was the Social Contract?
Locke believed in 3 natural rights. What were they?

6. The Enlightenment
The unjust rule of many absolute monarchs led to the a movement known as the Enlightenment.
Ex: Charles I of England led to the English Civil War
Intellectual movement in 1700s Europe when people used reason and logic to solve society’s problems
New ideas that challenged government, religion, economics, and education.

7. Hobbes and Locke
Two opposing ideas in England started the Enlightenment.
Thomas Hobbes-believed humans were selfish and needed an absolute monarch to rule them.
Social Contract-people handed over their rights to a strong leader in return for law and order.
John Locke-Believed humans could govern themselves
Three Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property
Government was supposed to protect these rights.
If it does not, then citizens can rebel
Modern democracy
Inspired the American Revolution

8. Enlightenment Philosophers
Hobbes
Locke
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Beccaria
Rousseau
Wollstonecraft

9. Books Beccaria- Hobbes Locke On Crimes and Punishments Leviathon
Two Treatises of Government

10. The English Civil War (1642-1649)
Charles I: King of England beginning in 1625.
Parliament: body of representatives in England who made laws.
In the mid 1600s, Charles I began dismissing Parliament after they made laws to check his power
He ordered many of members arrested
A civil war began:
King supporters (Cavaliers) v. Parliament supporters (Roundheads)
The Roundheads behind Oliver Cromwell won the war
Charles I was tried and executed by beheading in 1649

11. The Glorious Revolution (1688)
After Charles I was executed, Oliver Cromwell ruled militarily.
In 1659 after Cromwell’s death, the monarchy was restored with Charles II
In 1685, the king of England (James II) was Catholic
Many members of Parliament were Puritan and opposed the King
In 1688, the king was peacefully overthrown by Parliament.
King William and Queen Mary took over
The English Bill of Rights was written and created a Constitutional Monarchy

12. Unit 5 Test Today!! (East Asia)
Get out your reviews and study before lunch.
If you have any questions about the review ask before lunch.

13. History-1/29 Locke Rousseau Voltaire Beccaria Wollstonecraft
Match these Enlightenment Thinkers to the descriptions.
Locke
Rousseau
Voltaire
Beccaria
Wollstonecraft
Montesquieu
A. Freedom of Speech, thought, and expression
B. Women’s rights in education and workforce
C. 3 Natural Rights, power comes from the people
D. Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances
E. Direct Democracy, people are equal and should govern themselves
F. Rights of the Accused, abolishment of torture, right to speedy/public trial

14. 13 Original Colonies

15. The American Revolution
Causes:
Navigation Act
French & Indian War
“No Taxation Without Representation!”
Stamp Act
Sugar Act
Tea Tax
Boston Tea Party
Boston Massacre
King George III

16. The American Revolution
Effects:
Declaration of Independence (written by Thomas Jefferson)
U.S. gain true independence from the Battle of Yorktown
Treaty of Paris
U.S. Constitution
Bill of Rights

17. The American Revolution (1775-1783)
Great Britain (mainly England) controlled the American colonies since the 1600s.
In 1775, King George III continued to mistreat the Americans.
Heavy taxes (Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Intolerable Acts, Quartering Act etc.)
These were implemented to help pay off war debts from the French and Indian War
Americans were outraged:
“No taxation without representation!”

18. The Declaration of Independence
In 1774, American colonists formed the First Continental Congress.
The Congress decided to create a Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson wrote this document using the ideas of John Locke.
Signed on July 4, 1776.

19. Americans Win the War
After several years of bloody fighting, the Americans were able to win.
Led by General George Washington, they won key battles (Trenton, Saratoga, Yorktown)
The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783
Americans formed their own democratic government with a Constitution afterwards.

20. 1-Sugar Act
2-Boston Port Act
3-Massachusetts Government Act
4-Quartering Act-
5-The Administration of Justice Act
6-Townshend Acts
7-Stamp Act
8-Tea Act
9-Navigation Acts

21. Scenario 1
Poor little Madelyn dreams of getting a great education and becoming a lawyer. However, she cannot do either because the King has forbidden it.

22. Scenario 2
The King of England needs more money from taxes to rage a war with France, but the Parliament decides against this.
The King dismisses Parliament and makes the decision himself to increase taxes.

23. Scenario 3
The King has decided to imprison Betsy for worshipping as a Hindu instead of a Catholic.
Poor old Richie was executed last week for implying that the King made a mistake with his tax reforms.

24. Scenario 4
Big Bob was arrested the other day by the King’s soldiers for stealing and was held in prison for several weeks before he was tried.
He was interrogated by the King’s soldiers constantly to get information from him.
He was eventually found guilty behind closed doors and was sentenced to death.

25. Scenario 5
The King has decided that people in the poor class of society don’t have the right to vote.
The poor class must also pay the majority of the taxes in society while the wealthy pay little to no taxes.

26. Scenario 6
The King’s cousin enters a commoners house, takes that person’s valuables, and then kicks the owners out.
When the commoner complains to the King, the King throws the commoner in jail.

27. History-1/27 What was the Enlightenment & why did it begin?
How was Hobbes different from Locke?
Create a Chain Reaction using this Subject
1. Kings Treat the People Badly
2. _________________________
3.__________________________
4.__________________________

28. History-1/29 Look up these words in the glossary: Salons
Enlightened Despots
Name 3 Enlightened Despots and the Country they ruled

29. 1
(AKS 42b; 2) European monarchs of the 1600s believed that they should have absolute power because they
A. needed to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemisphere.
B. had been given their power to govern from God.
C. thought that communism was the superior political system.
D. thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler.

30. 2
(AKS 42b; 2) Which of the following best describes Russia before the rise of Peter the Great?
A. Russia had a powerful military and strong trade relationships with Italian merchants.
B. Russia was the most advanced nation in all of Western Europe.
C. Russia was a Catholic nation with many overseas colonies like Spain and Portugal.
D. Russia was a nation of mostly poor farmers and had little modern industry.

31. 3
(AKS 42b; 2) Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles is a good example that the king
A. used the nation’s wealth to glorify himself and not the French people.
B. was interested in saving France money.
C. relied on the advice of noble lords to make decisions in France.
D. built a modern Western city much like Florence, Italy.

32. 4
(AKS 41a; 2) What is an important similarity between the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire?
A. Both empires developed important law codes.
B. Both empires were influenced by the Mongols.
C. Both were Roman Catholic Christians.
D. Both empires conquered Persia.

33. 5