1. Knowledge Theory & A Unified Theory of AI
Y. X . Zhong
Univ. of Posts & Telecom, Beijing

2. List of Contents 1, Fundamentals of Knowledge Theory
2, How Is KT Crucial To AI?

3. Knowledge Theory: Fundamentals

4. Functional Definition of Knowledge A Standard Alternative Question
Knowledge is something that can be used for answering
certain questions.
The basic question is the standard alternative problem
with 2n equally-possible answers, n>1. Its amount of question
is defined as n unit of the amount of question – n alt.
1/2
A Standard Alternative Question
1/2
If a piece of knowledge can exactly answer one of such
questions, the amount of the knowledge is defined as n unit
of the amount of knowledge – n alt.

5. Descriptive Definition of Knowledge
Knowledge is a description of a class of events on
-- their states at which the events may stay and
-- the law the states may vary from one to another.
S(2)
S(1)
S(n)

6. Representation of Knowledge
The key elements for knowledge representation are
(1) The States
(2) The Relationship among The States
Give
ISA
Giver
John G1
B23
Object
Recipient
ISA
Book
Mary
“John gives Mary the book”

7. General Representation of Knowledge
Large-scale,
Multi-Branch,
Hierarchical,
Dynamic and
Interacted
Complex
Network with
Weights
Concept is the
Element of
knowledge.

8. Relation between Knowledge & Information
Epistemological Information is the description of an event
on its states at which the events may stay and the manner the
states may vary from one to another.
Compared with the definition of the epistemological
information, it is found that knowledge is the result of the
epistemological information refining (induction):
States – States
Manner of State Varying – Law of State Varying

9. Categorization of Knowledge
It might be reasonable to classify the knowledge in accordance
with the branches of science & Technology. But, it will be
meaningless for Knowledge Theory research. Instead,
knowledge is suggested to classify into formal, content, and
value components
Representation: p (possibility), r (rationality), v (value)
States x xn xN
Possibility p pn pN
Rationality r rn rN
Value v vn vN

10. Measures of Knowledge Amount
K(P, P*;U), K(R, R*;U), K(V,V*;U)
Where
n = (pn)·(rn)·(vn)

11. Internal Ecosystem of Knowledge Growth
Empirical
Knowledge
Regular
Knowledge
Commonsense
Knowledge
Inherent
Knowledge

12. External Ecosystem of Knowledge
Decision
Making
Cognition
Information
Knowledge
Intelligence
Knowledge is the crucial gateway for linking Information
on one hand and intelligence on the other.

13. Information-Knowledge Transformation (Knowledge Discovery)
General Algorithms
Syntactic
Information
Induction
Formal Knowledge
Semantic
Deduction
Content
Knowledge
Pragmatic
Information
Induction
Value Knowledge
Goal

14. Knowledge-Intelligence Transformation:
Algorithms in Principle G
Information
On P & C
Deduction/
Induction
Algorithms
Intelligent
Strategy
Knowledge
Base

15. Knowledge-Intelligence Transformation Algorithm More Specific
Comparison
&
Distance
Computing
Goal KB
Analysis
Inference
Computation
Intelligent
Strategy
Constraints
Problem

16. 2, How Is KT Crucial to AI?

17. KT and The Unified AI C.K-1 Sensor-Motor C.K Neural Network
Acquisition
Execution
E.K
I-Action
Validation
P-C-G
R.K
Expert System
R.K
Popularization
C.K-2
Information
Knowledge
Intelligence

18. Framework & Algorithms Are Feasible
Algorithms for Information  Knowledge Transformation
-- information  experience: Induction Algorithms
(PR, Data-Mining, Knowledge Discovery, …)
-- old knowledge  new one: Deduction Algorithms
(Logic Reasoning, Rough Set Theory…)
-- Regular K  Common knowledge: popularization
Algorithms for Knowledge  Intelligence Transformation
-- Experience-Based: Neural Networks and the like
-- Regular K-Based: Expert Systems
-- Common K-Based: Senor-Motor

19. Implications & Open Problems

20. 1, Knowledge Theory is important because it is a midway
to intelligence. Intelligence Theory is important because
it is the ability to solve problems (Macro Ecosystem).
2, Due to the knowledge ecology (Micro Ecosystem), AI
should mean the trinity (Unification) of traditional AI,
Computational Intelligence and senor-motor systems.
3, The transformation of information-knowledge-intelligence
will play a central role in the development of science and
technology in formation age as that of energy conversion
in industrial age.

21. Thank You for Comments !