1. Sinification– Japan, Korea, Vietnam
AP WORLD HISTORY

2. What do we know about Post-Classical China?
Sui, Tang, Song Dynasties
Sui: rebuilds after chaos resulting from the fall of the Han dynasty; Grand Canal to connect north and south
Tang: Early support and promotion of Buddhism (Empress Wu); increase in temples/education/rights of women; eventually ban Buddhism; Perfect Bureaucracy/Civil Service Exam; growth of large cities
Song: Neo-Confucianism; foot binding; strong trade networks and navy; some tendencies for exploration
Eventually will be invaded by Mongols in 1237 CE

3. China’s View of the Asian Peoples
Story of Phuc and the Barbarians’ Hotel
Story shows reverence for China but also showed the view China held for “others”
China was seen as “Middle Kingdom”
Chinese language, Confucianism, technological innovations and social/political organization spread throughout Vietnam, Korea and Japan
This spread was also met with open resistance when direct control was exerted (Vietnam & Korea)

4. Japan in the Post-Classical Period

5. Influence of Chinese Government, Culture and Traditions in Japan
7th and 8th centuries CE - Chinese influence in full effect in Japan
Taika Reforms (646 CE)
Change Japanese leader into absolute emperor
Chinese language in Japanese bureaucracy
Dynastic histories
Etiquette blended from China and Japan
Buddhist art; Confucian practices
Ultimately fail - WHY?
Buddhist monks overly powerful; aristocratic families seize control in reaction and move capital to Heian

6. Chinese Influence Upon Japanese Culture
Royal Court Proceedings
Emphasized education, politeness, social norms, literature/poetry/art
Palaces and Gardens
The Tale of Genji
Decline of Chinese influence
Imperial family loses power to powerful landowners
Less stress on importance of Chinese customs which were deeply connected to Imperial family
Formal gov’t replaced with bakufu (military government)

7. JapaneseFeudal Society
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
JapaneseFeudal Society

8. Japanese Social Structure
Samurai Code of Honor (Bushido)
Loyalty to lords and emperor, Politeness, Simplicity
Hunting, Archery, Steel Swords and Longbow
Seppuku - killing oneself for dishonorable deeds
Japanese vs. European Feudalism

9. Japanese vs. European Feudalism
Europe
Japan
Nobility
king, lords
emperor, shogun, daimyo
Warriors
knights
samurai
Code of conduct
chivalry
bushido
Evolution
Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability
everyone had well-defined social roles
helped preserve law and order

10. Japanese Economy Growth of urban commerce Impact on Women Guilds
Better crops (soybeans)
Settle in new areas
Impact on Women
Guild and trade participation in merchant classes
Elite women: lost rights to inherit land and certain forms of education
Used in marriage alliances

11. Decline of Post-Classical Japan
Shoguns
Gain too much power; manipulated emperors
Military Divisions
Divide Japan into 300 little kingdoms
Changes in Warfare
Sneak attacks, untrained forces; decreased focus on role of samurai
Peasant Unrest
Badly trained and poorly fed troops
Raid cities; some unsuccessful revolts and uprisings

12. Korea in the Post-Classical Period

13. Chinese Influence Upon Korea
Before arrival of Chinese Influence:
Descendants of Siberia and Manchuria
Settle in Korean by 4th century BCE
Han Dynasty conquered Korea in 109 BCE; Chinese settlers to Korea
Sinification
Adoption of Chinese culture
Aided by Buddhism
Acceptance of certain Chinese traditions
Writing, unified law code, universities, bureaucracy

14. Sinification
Tang Dynasty conquers Korea, but eventually removes influence in 668 CE
Korea remains independent until 20th century
Send groups to China to study Chinese culture (Tribute system)
Study Chinese texts
Art - modeled Chinese pottery, architecture (templies, pagodas), print-making
Buddhism

15. Limited Acceptance
Which group was most likely to accept Chinese culture in Korea?
Why?
Elites did not intermarry or socialize outside of classes so ideas never spread
Dominated trade with China and Japan
Commoners only related to religious (Buddhist) aspect due to missionaries and festivals
After expulsion of Mongols in 1231, Korea establishes the Yi dynasty which will continue many of these trends until its rule ends in 1910

16. Vietnam in the Post-Classical Period

17. Vietnam 2nd century BCE - conquered by Han
Pre-conquest: Viets had strong cultural heritage of their own
Already settled in area when come in contact with Qin dynasty 100 years before
Resisted cultural influences but accepted technological innovations and ideas about government
China views Viets as “southern barbarians”

18. Chinese vs. Vietnamese Cultures in Post-Classical Period
Chinese Culture
Xenophobic
Mandarin Chinese
Emphasis on centralized government/ bureaucracy
Women’s roles limited to household
Vietnamese Culture
Willing to marry outside of culture (Khmers in Cambodia)
Distinct language
Emphasized local village autonomy
Women have good deal of independence
Also have different styles of dress and hygiene

19. Influence Upon Vietnamese Elite
111 BCE - Han conquers Vietnam
Elite look to benefit
Attend Chinese schools
Enforce exam system for gov’t jobs
Adopt irrigation techniques, Chinese military organization, ancestor worship

20. Vietnamese Resistance to Chinese Influence
Peasants oppose influence - they don’t benefit as much as elite
Chinese in Vietnam look down upon lower-class customs
Trung sisters led revolt in 39 Ce
Opposed Confucian values - WHY?
Vietnam difficult for China to control due to geography (Distance/mountains)
939 CE - gain independence from China
Remain independent until 19th c. French colonization