1. Lecture 03: Data Representation (I)
(Coverage Diagram)
Topics
1. Measurement Systems:
Location: Coordinate Systems
Readings on the topics
Chapter 5 in the text
Other readings
Chapter 4 in Bonham-Carter’s (1994), pp
Chapter 1 & 2 in Maling’s (1992), pp. 1-46

2. Lecture 03: Data Representation (I)
1. Measurement Systems:
1.1 Spatial Location: Coordinate Systems
A. 3D Coordinate Systems:
Geographical Coordinate System
[Geographic Coordinate System Figure]
B. 2D Coordinate Systems:
(Plane Coordinate Systems)
[The Plane Coordinate System Figure]
B.1 Continuous Coordinate Systems:
B.1.1 Cartesian coordinate systems:
(local coordinate systems)
[The Cartesian Coordinate System Figure]

3. B.1.2 Projected geographic coordinate systems:
[Projected geographic coordinate system Figure]
B Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grid System
a) The Transverse Mercator Projection
[Mercator Projection Figure]
[Transverse Mercator Projection Figure]
b) UTM:
(1) The design
[UTM Zone Figure]
(2) Calculation of UTM Zone of Locations:
ZUTM = (180-longitude)/6

4. (3) Defining the coordinate systems: [UTM Coordinate System Figure]
(4) Characteristics:
Distortion (84 North ~ 80 South)
Plane surface
Universal
B Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) Grid System
a) Polar Stereographic Projection
[Stereographic Projection Idea Figure]
[Stereographic Projection Map Figure]
b) UPS:
(1) Design:
[UPS Coordinate Systems Figure]
(2) Characteristics

5. B.2 Discrete Coordinate Systems:
B.2.1 US Public Land Survey System (PLSS)
[The PLSS Figure]
Characteristics:
(1) a series of origins were defined.
(2) basic unit is acre or an area unit
A section is 640 acres
(3) defined on ground, not a grid and
superimposed on a map
B.2.2 Addresses
B.2.3 Zip codes

6. Questions 1. What is a geographic coordinate system? What is the main
difference between geographic coordinate system and
project geographic coordinate system?
2. What is a plane coordinate system? What is the major
difference between a plane coordinate system and a
Cartesian coordinate system?
3. What is the major difference between a local Cartesian
coordinate system and a projected geographic coordinate
system?
4. Describe the design of the UTM coordinate system. Compute
the UTM for Madison.
5. What is a discrete coordinate system?