1. Attribution Theory

2. Attribution
On your sheet, highlight the reasons you gave in two different colours
Reasons that were due to the personality of the person
Reasons that were due to the situation that the person was in
Attribution is the process of explaining the behaviour of other people. When we observe other people’s behaviour, we unconsciously try to find explanations for it.

3. Explaining Behaviour
Your friend gives you some money. How do you interpret their behaviour?
Heider and Simmel (1944)
Watch the video and interpret
the behaviour of the shapes

4. Attribution Theory
Attribution theory is a collection of various theories that aim to explain how and why we make attributions about others based on their behaviour.
It is an applied cognitive theory, as it is using cognitive principles to understand an important social process (attribution).

5. Internal and External Attributions
Heider (1958)
Dispositional attribution : The behaviour is due to internal or dispositional factors such as personality or abilities.
E.g. Someone is quiet because they are shy
Situational attribution : external factors such as social norms, luck or the environment caused the behaviour
E.g. Someone is quiet because they are in a meeting

6. Internal and External Attributions
Come up with situational and dispositional attributions for the behaviours on the sheet.
According to Heider, which attribution are we most predisposed to make?
He called this the Fundamental Attribution Error.
Evidence: Ross (1977)

7. Covariation theory Kelly (1960) Attributions are made using 3 factors
Takes into account situations where we make inferences not just on one isolated incident, but by having access to more information such as the person’s past behaviour, and other’s behaviour in similar situations.
Attributions are made using 3 factors
Consistency
Distinctiveness
Consensus

8. Covariation theory
Read how John’s liking of Friends could be explained
How could you explain Lee’s behaviour?
What evidence is there?

9. Errors in Attribution What is the actor/observer bias?
Nisbett et al (1973)
What is the self-serving bias?

10. Plenary Go back to the attributions you made at the start
Do you think you may have fallen for the FAE?