1. Phonology & Morphology Review Syntax Pronunciation Practice
22 March 2014
Mariana DeLuca, Gilmara Johnson,
Carolyn Singleton, Stacy Feldstein

2. Phonology Review

3. 1. What kinds of words frequently occur in a reduced form in natural speech?
Unaccented function words, part of phrase
(not used in formal speech/writing)
going to = gonna
want to = wanna
ought to = outta
should have = shouldda
… of = kinda, sortta

4. 2. What types of utterance have a rising intonation pattern?
Yes/No Questions
Are you going to the party?
I don’t speak Chinese... do you?
Would you like some coffee?
intonation

5. 2. http://usefulenglish.ru/phonetics/rising-intonation

6. Noun/verb? Using part of speech
3. What is an activity that could help ELLs identify word stress patterns in English?
Noun/verb? Using part of speech
present
May I present my latest work? (••)
This is a great present. (••)
record
I want to record my new song. (••)
He didn’t have a record of my call. (••)
export, contract, object, report, conduct, desert, suspect

7. 4. If an ELL consistently pronounces [z] as [s], how can a teacher help the student learn to correct the error?
pronunciation-final-s.htm

8. 5. What is one sound in English that is typically problematic for speakers of each of the following languages?
a. Arabic
pronounce /r/ as [ɹ]
Speakers tend to have difficulty pronouncing /p/.
b. Spanish
merge /tʃ/ with /ʃ/, and /dʒ, ʒ/ with /j/, /ð/ and /d/,/v/ and /b/
often a word beginning with [s] + consonant will obtain an epenthetic vowel (typically [e̞]) to make stomp pronounced [e̞sˈto̞mp] rather than [sto̞mp]
c. Mandarin
the absence of the English sound such as /v/, and /th/ (Students may pronounce /v/ as /w/ in a word like "very", and may pronounce /th/ as /s/ or /z/ in words such as "tooth", "they" etc.)

9. Syntax

10. Syntax and Semantics:Sentence Patterns of Language and How We “mean what we say”
Stacy Feldstein, M.A.T.

11. Semantics
study of:
Meaning
Idioms

12. Semantics study of meaning table
Often we, as native speakers of a language, fail to perceive ambiguity or multiple meaning words, such as “table.” As we work with English Language Learners in our classroom, it is necessary to cultivate an awareness of potential pitfalls with multiple meaning words.

13. Semantics
Idioms (Non-literal expressions)

14. Semantics Figurative Language
I’ve told you a million times to clean your room!
Her head was spinning from all the new information.
Think outside the box!

15. What is syntax?
" The part of grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of sentences and their structures..." (p. 77)

16. Syntax
sentence formation
study of sentence structure

17. Ambiguity p
"The captain ordered all old men and women off the sinking ship."

18. What do we know about English syntax?
Subject-Verb-Object: a grammatical sentence
The President nominated a new Supreme Court justice.

19. What do we know about English syntax?
An ungrammatical sentence:
*President the new Supreme justice Court a nominated.
Rules of syntax are imbedded in our minds and guide us subconsciously to group words into meaningful phrases and sentences!

20. Grammatical or Ungrammatical?
The boy found.
The boy found quickly.
The boy found in the house.
The boy found the ball.
Dina slept the baby
Dina slept soundly.

21. Lexical Categories in English
Nouns (person, place, or thing)
Verbs (express action or being)
Adjectives (describe nouns)
Adverbs (describe adjectives and verbs)
Determiners (the = definite article, a, an= indef. article)
Prepositions (express location and function)
to, for, in, on, at, of with

22. Diagramming
p. 82

23. Diagramming, continued
p. 92

24. Diagramming, continued

25. Grammatical relations of sentences
What's the subject? What's the direct object?

26. Grammatical relations of sentences
What's the subject? What's the direct object?
How will rearranging them change meaning?
Your dog chased my cat.
My cat chased your dog.

27. Arranging words to create meaning
The Mad Hatter of Alice in Wonderland
1. I mean what I say.
2. I say what I mean.

28. English Syntax Declarative (statements) Interrogative (questions)
S-V-O
I eat pizza.
Interrogative (questions)
Modal verb – subject – verb – object ?
Does Tara eat pizza?
Adjectives are placed before nouns:
hot pizza

29. Syntactical Difficulties for ELLs
Question formation
Adjective placement
Modal verbs (do, will, could, would)
Passive voice
The cake was eaten.

30. Test questions on syntax (1,4,6,7,8,9,10,94,106)