1. Reversed “C” ministernotomy for aortic valve replacement
Alejandro Aris, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 67, Issue 6, Pages (June 1999)
DOI: /S (99)

2. Fig 1
The sternal incision extends from the second to the fifth intercostal space. In individuals with a short chest, the first and fourth spaces can be used (dotted line).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )

3. Fig 2
View of the ascending aorta, aortic root, and tip of the right atrial appendage through the incision.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )

4. Fig 3
The chest cavity can be compared with a dome with a suspension bridge over its top. Windows can be opened safely without compromising its stability.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )