1. Reaction against Revolutionary Ideas & Global Nationalism Week 2-6
Ms. Lyons

2. Reaction against Revolutionary Ideas

3. Congress of Vienna (1815) 2 goals: 4 points of view
keep France from controlling EU
balance of power
restore monarchs to power
Conservatism
Traditionalism
4 points of view
Austria, Russia, England, France

4. More Revolutions in Europe!
Early 1800’s
2 Causes:
Nationalism (free from Napoleon’s rule)
Liberalism (democracy)
Effect:
Scared rulers a little, but mostly failed because….
No wide spread support
Revolutionaries were divided
Powerful governments crushed revolts

5. Czarist Russia Russia was not changed by the French Revolution.
Czars did not reform (wanted to keep control)
Feudalism (still)
1861: Alexander II frees the serfs!
Too poor to buy land, crowded into cities
Russification
One language, one church (Russian Orthodox)
Pogroms (organized violence against Jews)
Imperialism (more territory)
Sent exiles to frozen tundra in Siberia
Created trans-Siberian railroad

6. Instability in Latin America
Geographic barriers (mountains, etc.)
Hard to unite!
Social inequality
Oligarchy, encomienda system
Military rulers (caudillos)
Repressive dictators
Catholic Church = powerful
Owned land, controlled education
Economic problems
Cash crops (depended on Spain/Portugal)

7. Mexican Revolution 1910-1930 Causes Leaders Dictator: Porfirio Diaz
Only rich make $ from industry
Most people had no money, land, or education
Leaders
Emiliano Zapata
peasant revolt in south, wanted land reform
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
north Mexico, US hated him
Venustiano Carranza
president in 1917 – new constitution

8. Effects of Mexican Revolution
Constitution:
land reform, gov’t took church land, more rights for workers & women
Social Reforms:
1st LA nation reformed, public schools & libraries
Economic nationalism:
lowered foreign dependence, gov’t controlled industry
Cultural nationalism:
writers, murals showed struggles of people

9. Global Nationalism

10. Nationalism: Unifies & Divides
Unifies Germany & Italy
Divides Austrian & Ottoman empires

11. ITALY Since fall of Roman empire (400’s) – broken into small states
Camillo Cavour “the brain”
Make friends with France & Prussia
Diplomacy
Giuseppe Garibaldi “the sword”
Won control of the south
& united with the north
Army = “the red shirts”

12. GERMANY Prussia is the leader of the German states
Otto von Bismark “blood and iron”
War & industrialization
Took land from:
Denmark, Austria, France
1871: unified Germany
under Prussia

13. Zionism A movement to build a Jewish state in Palestine Late 1800’s
Israel = formed in 1948
Late 1800’s
Anti-Semitism & pogroms in Europe

14. INDIA Controlled by the British 1885: Indian National Congress
Mostly Hindus
Wanted democracy & westernization
1906: Muslim League
Protect their interests (different from Hindus)
Talk of separate Muslim state
Pakistan
1947: Independence!

15. BALKANS Area in the Ottoman Empire
By 1908: many countries won independence
Greece, Serbia…
Ottoman Empire = “Sick man of Europe”
European powers wanted land

16. BALKANS…
1914:
known as the
“Powder keg”
of Europe
…World War I