1. Amniote Evolution

2. Two Types of Amniotes

3. Evolutionary Trends Conservation of water
Terrestrial locomotion systems
Powered flight
Endothermy
Parental care
Complex social behavior

4. Amniote Fossils
Westlothiana sp.

5. Amniote Fossils
Hylonomus lyelli

6. Adaptations for Life on Land

8. Locomotion Ancestral Synapsids Sauropsids Lateral undulation Conflict
Conflict
Synapsids
Upright
Diaphragm
Sauropsids
Bipedal
Gastralia

9. Transporting Oxygen Greater locomotor activity requires more ________?
Accomplish this with __________?
Create problems?
Oxygen to muscles was needed to sustain metabolism and locomotion
Occurred more than once in sauropsids and independently of each other.
Derived heart= right vs. left arch
Varanids, crocs, turtles = celiac artery from bird lost left aortic arch.
Single arch better than two= less friction and turbulence

10. Amniote Skulls

11. Draw a Phylogeny of Extant Tetrapoda
Major Radiations of Tetrapods
Draw a Phylogeny of Extant Tetrapoda

12. Why might loss of temporal fenestra be important for this group?
2011
Share 4 groups of genes
Why might loss of temporal fenestra be important for this group?
But see Hedges and Poling 1999….