1. Historical Thinking concepts
Grade 10 Ancient Medieval

2. Review
Anthropologist
Archeologist
Geologist
Paleontologist

3. 6 Concepts of Historical Thinking
Evidence
Significance
Continuity & Change
Cause & Consequence
Historical Perspective-Taking
The Moral Dimension (Judgment)

4. What constitutes EVIDENCE in Historical Studies??? Proof

5. Primary and Secondary Sources
Handout
“What it Really Means” – create your own definitions
Graphic Organizer for Primary Sources
Source Scenarios Activity

6. Types of Evidence
Primary Sources: are the original records created by firsthand witnesses of an event.
Examples:
Audio – oral histories, memoires, interviews, music
Images – photographs, videos, film, art
Objects – clothing (fashion/uniforms), tools, weapons, pottery, gravestones, inventions, memorabilia
Statistics – census data, weather records
Text – letters, diaries, original documents, legal agreements, maps, advertisements, recipes, laws, treaties, etc.

7. Evidence

8. Evidence

9. Primary Sources

10. Types of Evidence A key Primary Source: Artifacts Artifacts can be:
Human-made objects such as: tools, pottery, weapons, jewelry, metal objects, pieces of ruined buildings and architecture.

11. Types of Evidence “BIG” Questions related to Artifacts: What is it?
What is it made of?
How was it made?
How does it work?
What else do we know?

12. Evidence cont’d: Artifacts
What is this? (take 2-3 minutes)

13. Antikythera Mechanism
Explanation: An ancient Greek computer
An analog computer that was found in 1901 in a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera and that has now been dated to the second century BC, so about 2150 years ago.

14. Antikythera Mechanism,
4 minutes

15. Types of Evidence
Secondary Sources: Secondary sources are works that argue, reflect, and discuss earlier times.
Examples:
Journal articles and books by historians and professional scholars, who are interpreting the events and primary sources that are being studied.
Text books

16. Significance How do we decide what is important?
How does society choose to remember events?
Are some events more important to remember (or memorialize) than others?
How do we come to decisions about what is significant in human history?
Is everything significant? Is nothing significant?

17. Task: Significance PART I – In partners/person beside you:
Which 10 events are the most significant?
Rank them in order
Both members of the group must agree
September 11th, Moon Landing 1969
NB Election The First World War 1914
The Hippie Movement 1960’s - Economic Recession 2008
The invention of Electricity - WWII: 1939
The Holocaust -The Great Depression
Ebola Virus Threat The Mona Lisa

18. Task: Significance PART II – In groups of 4
Further reduce the list to what you believe the three (3) most significant events.
Everyone in the group must agree

19. Significance How did you make decisions?
What criteria did you use to judge significance?

20. Criteria for Significance - Copy
Prominence of the event at the time
Consequences resulting in change
Deep consequence for many people over a long period of time
Revealing
Does it explain something about later events or the present?
Occupies a key place in a meaningful narrative

21. Continuity and Change
Change and continuity are on-going and ever present
Change can occur at different rates
Change and continuity can be both positive and negative (e.g. progress & decline)
Comparisons can be made between points of history and between the past and the present

22. What has stayed the same? (continuity) What has changed?

23. Exit ticket
Primary and secondary sources