1. Frog Dissection What is the name of this famous Muppet frog??
KERMIT

2. AMPHIBIAN CHARACTERISTICS
Moist, thin skin without scales
Aquatic larva changes to terrestrial adult
Feet without claws
Respiration with gills, lungs, skin, mouth
Closed 2 loop circulation
Ectothermic (cold blooded)
Eggs without shells or multicellular membranes

4. FROG ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” AMPHIBIA “double life”
LATIN meaning
KINGDOM _____________
PHYLUM ____________________________
SUBPHYLUM ___________________________
CLASS _______________________________
ORDER _____________________________
ANIMALIA
CHORDATA
VERTEBRATA “backbone”
AMPHIBIA “double life”
ANURA “without a tail”

5. MOST vertebrates have nuclei in their RBC’s
MAMMALS DON’T

6. ECTOTHERMIC “cold blooded”
Body temperature is dependent on surrounding environment

7. HIBERNATION/ ESTIVATION
FAT stored in FAT BODIES provides energy

8. Nictitating membrane

9. Functions Nictitating Membrane Tympanic Membrane
– membrane that covers the eye
Tympanic Membrane
– membrane that functions as an eardrum

10. NO CLAWS

11. What sex is it?

13. Incision 1: The brain Insert the scissors into the frogs mouth.
Cutting down the middle of his upper jaw…cut between the eyes.
Once you have reached the back of the frogs head…cut behind the eye to the lower jaw
Remove half of the frogs head

14. Incision 2: Skin First
Place your frog on its back and pin it to the dissecting tray.
Make a small cut through the lifted skin with the scissors.
BE CAREFUL and only cut the skin layer.
Use the scissors to continue the incision up to the midline all the way through the frog’s skin.

15. Incision 3: Skin Horizontal
Use the scissors to make sideways incisions in the skin.
The first incisions are made between the front legs.
The next incisions are made just above the rear legs
Be careful to only cut through the skin, not the muscle.

17. Incision 4: Separate Skin
After you've opened the flaps of skin, pin them to the dissection tray.

18. Incision 5: First Muscle Incision
Repeat the incisions, this time through the abdominal muscle.
Be careful that you don't cut too deeply. The muscle is thin. It is easy to DAMAGE the organs underneath.

19. Incision 6: Chest Bone Cut through the chest bones.
Use your hands to break apart the rib cage.

20. Incision 7: Muscle Horizontal
Make the horizontal incisions. Just as you did with the skin, make a sideways incision in the muscle with the scalpel.
Make the first incision between the front legs.
The next incision is just above the rear legs.
Again, be careful that you don't cut too deeply.

21. Incision 8: Muscle Separate
Separate the muscle flaps from the organs below.
Pin the muscle flaps back far enough to allow easy access to the internal organs.

22. Incision 9: Triangular Flaps
Cut the triangular of its throat region.
Make an incision from the throat to the tip of the jaw.
Pin back the flaps

25. Functions Vomerine - Glottis Eustachian Tube Tongue Pharynx Esophagus
– teeth on the roof of the mouth
Glottis
– Opening in the mouth ; airway
Eustachian Tube
– Tubes that equalize pressure to the eardrum
Tongue
– Used to capture food ; attached to front
Pharynx
– muscle that helps pull in food
Esophagus
–food enters (food tube); leads from the mouth to the stomach

26. BRAIN – controls the body functions

27. Fat Bodies Function – stores fat for energy
the body cavity might be full of yellow-orange fat bodies.
Spaghetti shaped

28. Organ: Heart Function – pumps blood
You should also be able to see the heart in 1st layer
It is a small triangular shaped organ…just above the liver.
Ventricle chamber = Lower (single) chamber of the frogs heart

29. Organ: Stomach Function – major sight of digestion
esophagus empties into this organ
leads to the small intestines
Pyloric sphincter – regulates food exiting the stomach.

30. Organ: Liver
Function – Largest organ ; 3 lobes ; secretes bile for digestion
the first organ we can see when you open the skin and muscles layer.
The liver is a large, brownish colored organ covering most of the body cavity.

31. Peritoneum – spider-web like membrane that covers the organs

33. Organ: Small Intestine
Function – absorption of digestive nutrients
The small intestine is a long, folded, tube like organ that comes from the stomach.
Leads to the large intestines
Duodenum = first stretch of the small intestines

34. LARGE INTESTINE
Function – removes water from digestive waste; concentrates feces
Wider than the small intestines

35. Mesentery holds intestines together

36. Organ: Spleen
Function - Produces and stores new RBC’s and processes old worn out ones
Round reddish organ

37. Organs 9: Lungs Function – exchange O2 and CO2
The lungs are difficult to locate in a preserved frog.
They're at the back end of the body cavity.

38. Organ: Kidneys Function - Filters liquid waste
Remove waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine
Bean shaped

39. URINARY BLADDER STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS
Lowest part of the frog cavity

40. Organ: Gall Bladder Function –stores bile Under the liver
small, greenish sac.
You might have the students remove the gall bladder as they might cut through it when they remove the liver. Again, the students are supposed to be exploring here, but it’s your choice if you want them to remove the gall bladder at this time. I have mixed emotions. I think I would want them to explore, then remove the organs and place them on the worksheet so I could determine what they retained during the exploration. Or you could have them remove it at slide 21. Your choice.

41. CLOACA Last stop before waste/sperm/ or urine exits DIGESTIVE
EXCRETORY
REPRODUCTIVE

42. Organ: Pancreas Function – produces enzymes to help with digestion
lift the stomach and intestines with the forceps.
The pancreas is a thin, yellowish ribbon.

43. TESTES – makes sperm

44. TESTES KIDNEY

45. Female Frogs
If you have a female frog, you will need to remove the ovaries before you can see layer four.
Ovaries – Makes eggs
Oviduct – Long tube that runs around the kidneys; carries eggs

46. Females may have black & white eggs

47. Review

48. Review