1. Speech: time bound; transient, dynamic
Speech: time bound; transient, dynamic. Part of an interaction in which participants are present. The speaker has a particular addressee in mind
Writing: space-bound; static, permanent. It generally results from distance between reader and writer.

2. Spontaneity and speed make planning difficult
Spontaneity and speed make planning difficult. Thinking while you talk involves looser construction: rephrasing, repetition and comment clauses.
Writing allows repeated reading and close analysis. Promotes the development of careful organisation and compact expression, often with intricate sentence construction

3. Intonation and pauses divide long utterances into manageable chunks
Intonation and pauses divide long utterances into manageable chunks. However, boundaries are often unclear.
Units of discourse (sentences and paragraphs) are usually easy to identify.

4. As participants are face-to-face, they are helped by extralinguistic cues such as facial expression and gesture to aid meaning.( FEEDBACK). Lexis can be vague and words that refer directly to the situation (DEIXIS) are widely used.
Most writing avoids deictic expressions because they can be ambiguous. Writers have to anticipate the problems posed by the time lag and the variety of recipients in different settings.

5. Many words and constructions are characteristic of (informal) speech
Many words and constructions are characteristic of (informal) speech. Long coordinated sentences are normal and can be quite complex. Nonsense vocabulary or vague words are not normally written, neither is slang nor obscenity Contractions tend to be avoided in writing.
Some words and constructions are more characteristic of writing; multiple instances of subordination in the same sentence; some legal documents have long sentences that spread over various pages. Certain items of vocabulary are never spoken.

6. Speech is suited to social or PHATIC functions
Speech is suited to social or PHATIC functions. It is suited to expressing personal opinions and feelings thanks to the nuances that prosody and non-linguistic features allow.
is particularly suited to recording facts and communicating ideas, and to tasks of memorizing and learning. Written texts are easier to store and scan for information. They can be read at speeds that suit the recipient.

7. Utterances can be revised in progress (by starting again, adding a qualification). But errors once spoken cannot be withdrawn. Speakers must live with the consequences. Interruptions are normal and usually audible.
Errors and perceived inadequacies can be eliminated without the reader ever knowing of their existence. Interruptions that may have occurred in the writing process are also invisible.

8. Unique features of speech include most of the prosody
Unique features of speech include most of the prosody. The many nuances of intonation, contrasts of tempo, rhythm, and other tones of voice are difficult to convey in writing.
Unique features of writing include pages, lines, punctuation and Capitalization. Only a few graphic conventions relate to prosody (!?____). Some written genres cannot be read aloud efficiently and must be assimilated visually.

9. WRITING
Other expansive slabs of limestone, too resistant to the traditional farming methods when soil was created from sand and seaweed, still boast fissures filled with rare, wild flowers.These are the elements that inspired the look of the hotel of Ruairí and his wife Marie-Thérèse, which is an incredibly simple and rustic design hotel.

10. SPEECH IN WRITING (TRANSCRIPTION)
S: St Ambrose college
RP: oh hallo (.) um (.) I know it’s a bit early in the summer holidays but could you tell me when your school shop’s going to be open?
S: er (2) oh dear (3) second (.) second of August
RP: Second of august is that the first time it’s open?
S: yeah
RP: right, what time would that be till?
S: oh wait a moment 31st august right that (inaudible)
RP: 31st August?
S: yep

11. Imitating Speech (dialogue) in fiction
I’m sorry just turning up like this, but I knew what you’d say if I phoned. It’s about my daughter’s horse.’ ‘Pilgrim.’ ‘Yes. I know you can help him and I came here to ask you, to have another look at him.’ ‘Mrs Graves…’ Please, just look. It wouldn’t take long.’

12. Written but with features of spoken
John: Leaving a bit late after fiddling around with music files for you – but should be there no too much after 11. Io: Ok. See you in the bar.