1. Investigating Shipping Pollution Violations
Module 1 Introduction and Orientation

2. Introductions and Welcome
Annaliese Caston
Policy and Enforcement Adviser,
Marine Environment Division,
Australian Maritime Safety Authority
Anthony Talouli - Marine Pollution Adviser
SPREP.
Clark Peteru – Environment Legal Adviser
SPREP.

3. Aim
Provide tools and strategies that strengthen investigative and prosecution competencies under a range of relevant environmental protection, ship safety legislation, policy, and instructions
Increase enforcement of international treaties, especially of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
Assist capacity building to develop or enhance investigative tools and techniques

4. INTERPOL Environmental Crimes Committee
Project Clean Seas
Shared environmental concerns globally and aiming for a level playing field for the application and enforcement of laws
International enforcement collaboration to mitigate illegal ship source pollution through enhanced regulatory compliance
Cooperation INTERPOL and International Maritime Organization (MOU)

5. INTERPOL Investigative Manual
‘Illegal Oil Discharges from Vessels’
First international manual for environmental criminal enforcement
Aimed at inexperienced and experienced investigators
Available through National Central
Bureaus (NCB) of Interpol members
(National Police Departments)
Basis for international model
training course
Developing complementary
additions

6. Scope of Global Illegal Disposal of Oil by Ships
“Every year, unscrupulous ship operators deliberately release more oil illegally into the global marine environment than all the combined oil spilled from the Aegean Sea (74,000 tonnes, 1992), the Braer (85,000 tonnes, 1993), the Sea Empress (72,000 tonnes, 1996), the Prestige (63,000 tonnes, 2002) and the Erika (20,000 tonnes, 2000).”
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development “Cost Savings stemming from Non-Compliance with international Environment Regulation in the Maritime Sector” DSTI/DOT/MTC(2002)8/Final.
ALL SHIP CAN POLLUTE! TOTAL OF 314,000 tonnes
Exxon Valdez 37,000 (illegal discharges over 8 times the size of Exxon Valdez) 35 largest in world
Why do ship pollute: to save money
on purchasing and installing best available technology
Cost of offloading waste oil in port
Cost of providing adequate staffing
Cost of OWS filters, membranes
Cost and time of labour and maintenance
Give financial bonuses to CE that keep within the budget.

8. Oil inputs into the ocean
OECD 2002 illegal inputs from ships estimated 314,000 tonnes annually
GESAMP 2006 accidental inputs from ships estimated 457,000 tonnes annually but cannot quantify illegal inputs
Total inputs from all sea-based activities estimated 1,245,200 tonnes

10. Plastics in the Oceans
An estimated 80% of the garbage comes from land-based sources and 20% from ships

12. Why do illegal discharges occur
To save money!
purchasing and installing best available technology
cost of offloading waste oil in port
cost of providing adequate crew/staffing
cost of oily water separation equipment filters and membranes
costs and time on labour and maintenance.
keeping within projected budget (financial bonuses to ship officers/senior crew)

13. Regional Shipping Overview
Overview of shipping activity in the region
Associated pollution risks and problems for the region
Set the scene locally - As appropriate provide statistics on the importance of shipping to the region and trading patterns. Describe the domestic shipping situation. Provide a brief overview of the role of different players in international shipping. If appropriate provide brief presentations on relevant local subjects such as Industry standards and capacity. Scientific studies and trends. Technological advances and constraints. Statutory instruments. Regulatory initiatives. Enforcement strategies and partnerships.

14. Container Traffic by Frequency

15. Total Traffic by Frequency

16. Longline Fishing Effort 1999

17. Purse Seiner Fishing Effort 1999

18. Tanker Traffic by Volume (DWT)

20. Questions?