1. If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?
(1) It would stimulate mitotic cell division.
(2) The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.
(3) Development of abnormal hereditary features
would occur in the cell.
(4) Increased protein absorption would occur
through the cell membrane.

2. Instruction on gene in nucleus. Synthesis at ribosome.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Amino
acids
Protein chain!
Instruction on gene in nucleus. Synthesis at ribosome.

3. BTW, how many letters does English use?
Genes use code (language).
The code has four letters: A, T (U), C, G.
BTW, how many letters does English use?
All organelles involved in the process (nucleus, ribosome, etc.) use this code.
Let’s learn…

4. RNA has Uracil (U), instead of Thymine (T). DNA RNA T C G A A G C U U

5. Three letters write a genetic codon (word).
Each codon refers to a specific amino acid.

6. For example: C U C = C A U = A U G =
Three letters write a genetic codon (word).
Each codon refers to a specific amino acid.
For example:
C U C =
C A U =
A U G =

7. Sometimes different codons refer to the same amino acid.
For example:
C G U
C G C
C G A
C G G
A G A
A G G all equal

8. Let’s practice transcribing codons.

9. Let’s practice transcribing (these) codons.
A G C
Codon 1 = __________
U U A
Codon 2 = __________
C C G
Codon 3 = __________
A U U
Codon 4 = __________
DNA code
RNA codons

10. THREE The diagram below is a section of a sequence of DNA
How many codons does the sequence contain?
THREE
What would the complementary RNA sequence be?
GUAAUCUUG

11. Let’s practice translating codons.

12. Let’s practice translating codons.