1. Immune responses induced by TLR TLR7/8 ligands in primary human DC subsets.
Immune responses induced by TLR TLR7/8 ligands in primary human DC subsets. The natural ligand of TLR7 and TLR8 is ssRNA. Small molecule IMQ compounds such as imiquimod and resiquimod (R848) also activate both receptors and are the subject of adjuvantation research. TLR7 and TLR8 agonists differ in their DC subset selectivity and IFN/cytokine/chemokine induction profile. TLR7-specific agonists activate pDCs and induce mainly IRF7-driven signaling, IFN-α, and IFN-regulated cytokines. TLR8-specific agonists activate monocytes and myeloid DCs, leading primarily to the NF-κB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-12p70. The ability of TLR7/8 agonists to activate DCs and thus elicit Th1-like responses (IFN-γ–producing CD4 cells and IgG2-producing B cells) can be exploited to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. IRAK, IL-1R–associated kinase.
David J. Dowling ImmunoHorizons 2018;2:
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