1. Starter:
Self-Report
Describe the words on the cards without using the words.
Note any terms of which you are unsure.

2. Revision: Test Your Knowledge experimental research methods.
Complete the multiple-choice questions on
experimental research methods.

3. Mark Your Answers Highlight/note any incorrect answers.
Use this information to plan areas that you need to review/revise.

4. Key Words
Peer review
Single-blind review
Double-blind review
Open review
Publication bias

5. Page 3 What is Peer Review?
Peer review is the process by which psychological research papers are subjected to independent scrutiny by other psychologists who work in a similar field (their peers). This is done before publication so that the research can be considered in terms of its validity, significance and originality and so that all research that is published is of a high quality.
Page 3

6. The Peer Review Process

7. 1 2 3 Peer Review: Main Aims Published research is valid/high quality
Assessing universities
Allocating research funding
Peer Review: Main Aims

8. Ways of doing peer review:
Double blind – researcher and reviewer are anonymous
Open review – researcher and reviewer are known
Single blind – reviewer is anonymous

9. Fraudulent Research: ‘The Burt Affair’
Published research from studies of identical twins.
Argued that IQ was largely inherited and that children should be tested and segregated according to ability level.
Burt’s research helped establish the 11-plus examination, along with the grammar school/secondary modern system.
FRAUD
It is now generally accepted that Burt invented data and lied about other aspects of his research.
Cyril Burt

10. Finished? Complete the exam practice on page 5.
Create a Card Sort
Read about peer review
In pairs, create an answer card for each of the questions about peer review.
Leave any questions that you can’t answer blank.
Cut out your answers cards.
Swap with another pair and complete the card sort – match answers to questions.
In another colour, add to the answers in any way you can and complete any blank cards.
Sort the cards into two piles: ideas you’re happy with and ideas you’re less sure about.
Finished? Complete the exam practice on page 5.

11. Extended Writing Questions: AO3 – Analysis and evaluation
Design A Study
AO2 – Application
AO3 – Analysis and evaluation
12, 9 (8?) marks

12. Read the mark scheme – what should the answer include?
Example Question
The psychologist focused on fluency in spoken communication in her study. Other research has investigated sex differences in non-verbal behaviours such as body language and gestures.
Design an observation study to investigate sex differences in non-verbal behaviour of males and females when they are giving a presentation to an audience.
In your answer you should provide details of: -
the task for the participants.
the behavioural categories to be used and how the data will be recorded.
how reliability of the data collection might be established.
ethical issues to be considered. [12 marks]
Read the mark scheme – what should the answer include?

13. Marks for this question AO2-12
Level
Marks
Description 4
10-12
Suggestions are generally well detailed and practical, showing sound understanding of observational techniques. All four elements are present. There is sufficient information for most aspects of the study to be implemented with success.
The answer is clear and coherent. Specialist terminology is used effectively. Minor detail and/or explanation sometimes lacking. 3
7-9
Suggestions are mostly sensible and practical, showing some understanding of observational techniques. At least three elements are present. Implementation of some aspects is possible. The answer is mostly clear and well organised. Specialist terminology is mostly used effectively. 2
4-6
Some suggestions are appropriate but others are impractical or inadequately explained. At least two elements are addressed. Implementation would be difficult based on the information given. The answer lacks clarity, accuracy and organisation on occasions. 1
1-3
At least one element is addressed but knowledge of observational techniques is limited. Implementation would be very difficult. The whole answer lacks clarity, has many inaccuracies and is poorly organised.
No relevant content.
Marks for this question AO2-12

14. Plan your answer … Needs detail - the study should be fully replicable
4 elements to be credited: task, behavioural categories (and how recorded), reliability and ethical issues.
Choices need to be justified.
Needs to be ethical

15. In pairs/small groups, plan an answer to the following:
Over to you:
In pairs/small groups, plan an answer to the following:
Now, individually, write an answer.

16. Plenary Questions Bronze questions Silver questions Gold questions
Define ‘peer review’
Explain how anonymity can be a strength and weakness of the peer review process
Explain how peer reviewing is beneficial to science.
Explain the difference between a single-blind, double-blind review and open review
Explain how publication bias is a limitation of the peer review process
What consequences would there be if peer reviewing did not take place?
Describe the peer review process
Other than anonymity and publication bias, explain one weakness of the peer review process
Explain how the process of peer reviewing is an attempt to guard against fraud in Psychology
Describe the aims of peer reviewing
Explain the strengths and limitations of the single-blind, double-blind and open review