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States of Consciousness.
Chapter 5 States of Consciousness.
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Figure 05.F01: The EEG records distinctive patterns during sleep
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Figure 05.F02: The percentage of time in REM sleep decreases dramatically in the first few years of life, but remains relatively constant after age 9. Data from Parkes, JD. Sleep and its Disorders (1985) WB. Saunders Company: England, page 20
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Figure 05.F03: CPAP is a device to treat sleep apnea.
© Howard Sandler/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.F04A: Because your brain likes to make sense of things, it is likely that you can easily make up a story that links these random images. © Yuri Arcurs/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.F04B: Because your brain likes to make sense of things, it is likely that you can easily make up a story that links these random images. © ssuaphotos/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.F04C: Because your brain likes to make sense of things, it is likely that you can easily make up a story that links these random images. © Maridav/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.F05: Top 10 reported dream contents.
Data from Nielsen, T. A., Zadra, A. L., Simard, V., Saucier, S., Stenstrom, P., Smith, C., & Kuiken, D. (2003). The Typical Dreams of Canadian University Students. Dreaming, 13(4),
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Figure 05.VOA © Odua Images/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.VOB © B-A-C-O/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Table 05.T01_1: Psychoactive Drugs by Class
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Table 05.T01_2: Psychoactive Drugs by Class
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Table 05.T02: Number of people using psychoactive drugs in US (2009)
Data from 2009 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Figure 05.UN01: Although you seem restful, your brain in active and dynamic during sleep.
© Angela Waye/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN02: chronic lack of sleep can cause problems in thinking and concentration, and impaired driving. © benicce/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN03: Certain foods and beverages can make insomnia worse.
© Mauro Pezzotta/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN04: Hypnotic induction often begins with encouraging the subject to relax and focus on an object. © Sinisa Botas/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN05: Research shows that hypnosis can create MRI patterns similar to pain (shown here) but different to imagined pain © Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN06: Meditation can be religious or non religious and can be helpful for many conditions.
© Yuri Arcurs/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN07: Caffeine is a common stimulant
© ifong/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 05.UN08: Meth addiction can cause dramatic differences in a person's appearance
© Steve Skjold/Alamy Images
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