1. Aim: How does water move through the ground?
Do now: Thinking back to our lesson on the water cycle, which term would describe water moving into the ground?

2. The ground can retain (hold) the water.
I. Source of Ground Water
Precipitation infiltrates the ground to become part of the groundwater supply.
The ground can retain (hold) the water.

3. What happens if water does not infiltrate?
Water will infiltrate the ground if it is…
- Unsaturated: not filled with water.
- Permeable: allows water to flow through.
Water will not infiltrate the ground if it is…
- Saturated: filled with water.
- Impermeable: does not allow water to flow through.
What happens if water does not infiltrate?

4. II. Factors that influence Infiltration and Run off
Slope (steep vs. gentle)
Soil Composition (sorted vs. mixed)
Rate of Precipitation (heavy rain vs. light rain)
Vegetation (many vs. few)
Leave two lines of space between each
With the person sitting next to you, discuss how you think these four factors influence the amounts of infiltration and run-off.

5. Slope - Steeper slopes cause more run off
- Gentle slopes allow for more infiltration

6. Soil Composition Sorted Particles allow for more infiltration
Mixed Particles cause more run off

7. Rate of Precipitation Heavy Rain cause more run off
Light Rain allow for more infiltration

8. Vegetation Many plants cause more infiltration
Few plants allow more run off
*roots create spaces for water to infiltrate

9. From the back table obtain the Infiltration Worksheet
Closure:
From the back table obtain the Infiltration Worksheet

10. III. Soils Influence on Groundwater
Groundwater's movement through the soil and rock depends on porosity and permeability.
Pores

11. A. Porosity – how much open space there is in rock/soil.
Sorted Sediment
Pores
Mixed Sediment
Has larger pore spaces and more openings.
Small sediments fills in spaces creating smaller spaces and less openings.

12. THEY ALL HOLD THE SAME AMOUNT!
Given three graduated cylinders; each holding the same volume of well sorted sediment. Which graduated cylinder has the most empty space in it and will hold the most water?
THEY ALL HOLD THE SAME AMOUNT!
Porosity (empty space) IS NOT affected by particle size when the sediment is well sorted.
Large sediment
Medium sediment
Small sediment

13. B. Permeability – water flowing through soil.
- Depends on the size of sediments.
LINK
Fine
= Slowly
Coarse
= Quickly

14. C. Capillarity –
The ability of water to rise in small openings.

15. From the back table obtain the Ground Water Movement worksheet
Closure:
From the back table obtain the Ground Water Movement worksheet