1. Principles of
Management
Learning Session # 19
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar

2. Re-cap of
Session # 18

3. Enhancing Creativity in Decision Making
1. Brainstorming
2. Nominal Group Technique
3. Delphi Technique
4. Scenario Analysis

4. Creativity in Decision Making
‘Creativity is the cognitive process of developing an idea, concept, commodity or discovery viewed as novel by its creator or target audience.’

5. Creativity and Brainstorming in Your Class !
1. What features would you like cars to have 10 years from now ?
2. What new approaches could recent graduates use in getting better jobs ?

6. Brainstorming may be Electronic!
1) Criticism is ruled out
2) All ideas are welcomed
3) Quantity is wanted
4) Combinations and
improvement are sought

7. Nominal Group Technique
Enhancing creativity and decision making by integrating individuals working independently and then presenting it for group interaction and discussion. Voting for best idea or Ranking!

8. 3 Basic Steps of the Delphi Technique
1. A questionnaire
is sent to a group
of experts
2. A summary of
the first round
is prepared
3. A summary of
the second round
is prepared

9. Reasons for Using Scenarios
Scenarios are intended to: 1.Provide a wide range of possibilities against which to evaluate strategies
2.Provide a broad vision of possible events

10. Reasons for Using Scenarios
3.To assist in the identification of events that warrant the development of contingency plans

11. Devil’s Advocacy Generate a potential solution
Assign a devil’s advocate to criticize
Present the critique of the solution to key decision makers
Gather additional information
Decide whether to use, change, or not to use the originally proposed solution

12. Continuous Improvement over Time
The Deming Cycle
1. Plan
2. Do
1. Plan
2. Do
4. Act
3.Check
4. Act
3. Check
Continuous Improvement over Time

13. Creativity in Decision Making
Creativity requires both:
Convergent Thinking
Attempting to move logically to a problem solution.

14. Creativity in Decision Making
Divergent Thinking
Generating new ways of viewing a problem and seeking novel alternatives.

15. Creativity in Decision Making
Creativity requires both:
Vertical Thinking
Step wise , Sequential and Rational Style

16. Creativity in Decision Making
Lateral Thinking
Step wise but not sequential

17. Creativity in Decision Making
Lateral Thinking
Dr. Edward DeBono

18. Manager As Decision Maker
Intuitive Decision Making - Subconscious process of making decisions on the basis of experience and accumulated judgment.

19. Planning and Decision Aids
Management Science Or
Operation Research
For ?

20. Planning and Decision Aids
Increasing Decision Effectiveness by using Mathematical, Statistical & Qualitative Models.