1. The First World War
Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg

2. The First World War: What? When?
War involving nearly all the nations of the world
When?

3. The First World War: Why? Long term - 1. Alliance system
2. Imperialist Competition
3. Stockpiling of Weapons
Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914

4. The First World War: Who? Central Powers: Allies: Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Russia
France
Great Britain
Italy
Japan
United States (1917)

5. The First World War:
Where?

6. Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war?
America was isolationist
“Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems?”

7. Thinking Slide:
Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States?

8. Which side should the US pick?
Central Powers:
Allies:
11 million German-Americans
Irish-Americans hated Great Britain
Close cultural ties
Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories)
Big business loaned much $ to allies
US Exports to both sides:

9. What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America
Germany announced a submarine war around Britain
Y-53 German Submarine 1916

10. What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
In May, 1915 Germany told Americans to stay off of British ships
They could/would sink them

11. What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans)
Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition
German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking

12. What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
The US sharply criticized Germany for their action
Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future
Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster

13. What did it take to get the US involved?
2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare
1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone
Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful

14. What did it take to get the US involved?
3. Zimmerman Note
US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico,
It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance

15. What did it take to get the US involved?
Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war

16. Thinking Slide:
Should we tell the story of WWI with Germany as the “bad guy”? Explain.

17. How was the war looking for the allies?
Not Good...
Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917
Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops could concentrate on France

18. Convincing the American People
Posters - Gee!!
How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea?

19. Convincing the American People
Idealism: 2 Goals For War:
1. War to End All Wars
2. Making the World Safe for Democracy

20. Convincing the American People
Idealism: Fourteen Points
What? President Wilson’s Plan for after the war
Fourteen promises, including freedom of the seas & a League of Nations to work for peace
President Woodrow Wilson

21. What did the US do to help?
Supplies:
US provided the food, money, and fresh toops needed to win the war
American Troops March Through London

22. How did the War Affect the US?
Women
Women filled factory jobs
May have led 19th Ammendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote)
African Americans
Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units
“Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories

23. How did the War Affect the US?
Enforcing Loyalty
Hatred of all things German
Ex. “Liberty Cabbage”
Espionage Act 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the war (many labor leaders)