1. Rocks and Minerals

2. The Rock Cycle

3. 3 Types of Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Metamorphic Rocks: Igneous Rocks:
Formed when sediments pile up and are pressed together into layers.
Metamorphic Rocks:
A rock formed from squeezing and heating.
Igneous Rocks:
A “fire-made” rock made from melted rock (magma).

4. Mineral- a naturally occurring substance
Minerals
Mineral- a naturally occurring substance
Hardness- a mineral’s ability to resist scratching.
Moh’s Scale Scale to measure a mineral’s hardness.
Luster- how light is reflected
from the surface of a mineral.

5. (contains humus, and minerals)
Soil
Topsoil
(contains humus, and minerals)
Subsoil
(Fewer minerals)
Solid Rock
Loam is the best soil for growing plants. Loam breaks up easily, holds water, and has plenty of minerals.
3 Layers
Clay is the smallest particle found in soil.
Clay can hold many nutrients, but it does not let much air or water to pass through.
It is not good for growing plants.
Silt feels smooth and powdery when it's dry.

6. are found in sedimentary rock.
Fossils
Preserved remains of animals or plants
that lived long ago.
Mold
An empty space where an organism used to be.
Amber
Hardened tree sap.
Cast
Created when a mold
is filled in.
Most fossils
are found in sedimentary rock.
We use fossil fuels created from the remains of plants and animals buried in the earth.