2. Teaching Large Groups Farahnaz Kamali

3. Helping students to learn in lectures Use concrete examples to illustrate abstract principles Give handouts of the lecture slides, with space to write notes Give handouts with partially completed diagrams and lists for the students to complete during or after the lecture Allow for pauses in the delivery to give students time to write notes Check for understanding by asking questions or by running a mini quiz

4. What you need to know before planning a lecture How your lecture fits into the students course or curriculum The students knowledge of your subjecttry to get a copy of the lecture and tutorial list for the course How the course (and your lecture) will be assessed The teaching methods that the students are accustomed to

5. Planning your lecture Distinguish between the knowledge and concepts that are essential (need to know) and (nice to know) Aim of the lecture (what do I hope to archive with this lectures)

6. Example of a lecture plan with a classic structure

7. Choosing the medium for delivering the lecture Which teaching media are available at the teaching venue? Which teaching media are you familiar with? (It is not always appropriate to experiment with new media) Which medium will best illustrate the concepts and themes that you want to teach the students? Which medium would encourage students to learn through interaction during your lecture?

8. Getting Started Brief summary of the previous lecture and indication of the current lecture Explain the ground roles for the session

9. Encouraging students to interact Ask question Get students to ask you questions Brainstorming Buzz groups Mini-assessments

10. Handouts Handouts can encourage better learning if they allow students more time to listen and think Handouts should provide a scaffold on which students can build their understanding of a topic Handouts should provide a summary of the major themes while avoiding an exhaustive explanation of each Handouts can be used to direct further learning, by including exercises and questions with suggested reading lists

11. How to end your lecture summarise the key points direct students toward further learning time for questions One minute paper

12. Evaluating your lecture (How did I do) Ask a sample of the students if you can read their lecture. Ask for verbal feedback from students. Ask the students to complete a one-minute paper. Ask the students to complete questionnaire. Videotape the lecture for private viewing

15. Creating teaching materials Ground rules (LIGHT) – Link – Intelligibility – General style – Highlighting – Targeting

17. Types of teaching materials Black, green, or white boards Lecture notes Overhead projector 35 mm slides Computer generated slides (Power Point)

18. Preparing overhead transparencies Do Try to use typed rather than handwritten script Use a type size that is big enough to be read by the whole audiencefor example, at least 20 points Make sure that the colour of your text worksfor example, dark print on a pale background Limit each transparency to one idea or concept Dont Use small print Use overhead transparencies packed with tables and figures Use light colours

19. Uniformity in the teaching materials will help learners to focus on content rather than style

20. Types and uses of teaching materials Boards, flip chartsSmall groups, problem based learning tutorials, workshops Lecture notesSmall and large groups; help to improve interactivity Overhead projectorSmall and large groups, workshops, and interactive sessions 35 mm slides and PowerPointGenerally large groups and lecture formats

21. Types and uses of teaching materials VideosGood for clinical teaching in larger groups (use film of patients); also for teaching communication skills and practical skills (students can keep films for self appraisal) Life and plastic modelsAnatomy teaching in small groups or for self directed learning Computer assisted learning packagesSmall groups with a tutor; large groups in computer laboratories; self directed learning Skills centres and simulators Small groups learning clinical skills

22. Ground rules for slide preparation (35 mm or PowerPoint) Use a clear font that is easily readable Use a type size of 20 points or greater Use a light text on a dark background for slides (in contrast with OHP transparencies) Use short sentences and small tables Restrict the overall number of words on each slide to about 40 or fewer

23. Ground rules for slide preparation (35 mm or PowerPoint) Avoid patterned backgroundsthey are extremely distracting Limit the number of colours on your slides to a maximum of three Use highlighting to emphasise items in lists Use animation and sound effects sparingly

24. شـاد و سلامت باشید