1. Skeletal system adaptations
Module 4- Training

2. Bone and Connective Tissue
Can also be altered by exercise
Or lack there of can lead to decreases in bone mass
Osteopenia- low bone mass
Osteoporosis- extreme state of bone loss
As the forces generated by the attached muscles increase, so must the integrity of the connective tissue and bone be improved

3. Bone Growth
Weight bearing exercise provides the best stimulus for bone growth
Must exceed the minimal essential strain, which is the degree to which bone must be overloaded to cause new growth
Bone growth usually refers to an increase in bone mineral density
Bone growth is a long process that may take many months to years to accomplish

4. Increasing Bone Mineral Density
Progressive overload
Be cautious of extreme overloads
Exercise variance
Multiple stimuli, multiple force vectors
Resistance Training
Structural exercises
Interval training with load bearing activites
Aerobic Training
Weight bearing

5. Connective Tissue Adaptations
Tendons, Ligaments and Fascia
Exercise of low to moderate intensity does not markedly change the collagen content of connective tissue
High intensity loading results in a net growth of the involved connective tissue
Cartilage
Weight bearing forces and complete movement throughout the range of motion seem to be essential to maintaining tissue variability
Moderate aerobic exercise seems adequate for increasing cartilage thickness. Strenuous exercise does not appear to cause degenerative joint disease