1. Macrophage polarization: Reaching across the aisle?
Maria Carla Bosco, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 143, Issue 4, Pages (April 2019)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Spectrum of common and divergent transcriptional programs characterizing M1-to-M2 repolarization of hMDMs from healthy subjects and patients with CF in response to 5 distinct M2-promoting stimuli. Peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors and patients with CF were differentiated into macrophages on culture with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), polarized to an M1 state by means of stimulation with LPS, and then repolarized by means of exposure to the indicated M2 stimuli. Stimulus-specific gene expression signatures were derived by using transcriptional profiling, upregulated and downregulated pathways were identified by using microarray-based network analysis under each polarizing condition, and transcriptional programs were functionally validated in terms of response to LPS rechallenge and efferocytosis. Pathways similarly regulated by all M2-polarizing stimuli are indicated in boldface and underlined, whereas those differently regulated by IL-10 with respect to the other stimuli are shown in boldface.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Definition of human alveolar macrophage polarization states in patients with acute allergen-induced asthma determined by using in vitro–derived M2 transcriptional signatures of hMDMs. Differential gene expression analysis was performed in macrophages isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at baseline and 48 hours after allergen exposure from a patient with asthma. Ten upregulated and downregulated gene sets were defined from the transcriptional signatures of M2-repolarizing hMDMs and used to perform gene set enrichment analysis on a statistically rank-ordered gene list from pre–allergen-exposed versus post–allergen-exposed alveolar macrophages to identify enriched gene sets associated with their transcriptional response.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions