1. Repetition: The passive in a nutshell

2. When do we use the passive?
A) when we don‘t know who does the action
B) it doesn‘t matter who does the action
C) it‘s obvious who does the action
By using the passive we want to know:
What does sb/sth do? (A car hits Jack) x
What happens to sb/sth? (Jack is hit by a car) ✓

3. Structure of the passive
to be + past participle (+ by sb/sth).
Simple Present: Jack is hit by a car.
Present Continuous: Jack is being hit by a car.
Simple Past: Jack was hit by a car.
Past Continuous: Jack was being hit by a car.
Present Perfect: Jack has been hit by a car.
Past Perfect: Jack had been hit by a car.
Simple Future: Jack will be hit by a car.
Future perfect: Jack will have been hit by a car.

4. The get-passive What about „Jack gets hit by a car“, etc.?
 colloquial/spoken English (especially AmE)
In more formal/written English (e.g. at school): be-passive
 We say and write: Jack is hit by a car.