1. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY LAB SAFETY. RULES. PROTECTION. CLEAN UP.
WHMIS – WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM
SYMBOLS
BIOHAZARD
CORROSIVE
FLAMMABLE
COMPRESSED GAS
OXIDIZING MATERIAL
POISONOUS (IMMEDIATE)
DANGEROUSLY REACTIVE
TOXIC (LONGTERM)

2. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY PROPERTIES OF MATTER. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
BOILING POINT, MELTING, COLOUR, STATE, SOLUBILITY, CONDUCTIVE, MAGNETIC, DUCTILITY
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
FLAMMABLE, REACTION WITH WATER, ACIDS, HEAT
SEPARATION METHODS:
PHYSICAL – FILTER, DECANT, DISTILLATION, MAGNET, PICKING
CHEMICAL – ELECTROLYSIS, REACTIONS

3. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
HOMOGENEOUS
HETEROGENEOUS
SOLUTIONS
MECHANICAL MIXTURE
SUSPENSION
COLOIDS

4. NOW THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY
EVIDENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTION.
PRECIPITATE, GAS FORMED, COLOUR CHANGE, CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
- DEAD GUYS:
BOHR
DALTON
RUTHERFORD
JJ THOMSON
NOW THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

5. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY PERIODIC TABLE.
ARRANGEMENT, GROUPS/FAMILIES (VERTICAL), PERIODS (HORIZONTAL.
NONMETALS
METALS

6. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY PERIODIC TABLE.
ARRANGEMENT, GROUPS/FAMILIES (VERTICAL), PERIODS (HORIZONTAL.
HALOGENS
NOBLE GASES
ALKALINE METALS
TRANSITION METALS

7. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY ATOMIC THEORY. NUCLEUS:
PROTONS: +1 CHARGE; 1amu (1 g/mol) = MASS; NUMBER OF PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
NEUTRON: 0 CHARGE; 1amu (1g/mol) = MASS; NUMBER OF NEUTRONS = ATOMIC MASS – PROTONS (CAN BE DIFFERENT IN ISOTOPES OF ELEMENT)
- OUTSIDE NUCLEUS IN “SHELLS” (ENERGY LEVELS):
ELECTRONS: -1 CHARGE; 0amu = MASS (NEGLIGIBLE); NUMBER OF ELECTRONS = PROTONS (0 CHARGE) (CAN GAIN OR LOSE IN IONS)

8. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY ISOTOPES.
HAVE MORE OR FEWER NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS THAN NORMAL (CHANGE IN ATOMIC MASS).
IONS.
METALS LOSE ELECTRONS TO MAKE CATIONS (POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS).
NON-METALS GAIN ELECTRONS TO MAKE ANIONS (NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS).
THEY DO THIS TO FILL THEIR OUTERMOST (VALENCE) SHELL OF ELECTRONS TO BECOME MORE LIKE NOBLE GASES.
THE 1ST SHELL FITS 2 ELECTRONS; 2ND SHELL = 8 e-; 3RD SHELL = 8 e-… etc.

9. SCIENCE 10 - CHEMISTRY COMPOUNDS. IONIC:
CATIONS (METALS, AMMONIUM, OR HYDROGEN) TRANSFER ELECTRONS TO ANIONS (NON-METALS OR COMPLEX IONS) TO FORM IONIC BONDS.
PROPERTIES: SOLIDS; DISSOCIATE IN SOLUTION; CONDUCT ELECTRICITY IN SOLUTION
MOLECULAR:
NON-METALS SHARE ELECTRONS WITH ONE ANOTHER TO FORM COVALENT BONDS.
PROPERTIES: S, L, OR G; MAY DISSOLVE; DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.

10. ? NAMING RULES Is there a metal, NH4+, OR H+? H+ = ACID NO = MOLECULAR
YES =
IONIC
Need Name:
Need Formula:
Need Name:
Need Formula:
- 2nd element ends in -ide
- prefixes tell how many of each atom is present
- prefixes tell you how many of each atom. -Write number as subscript.
- name positive 1st; negative 2nd
- name what you see (use chart)
- transition metal has roman numeral = charge
- positive 1st; negative 2nd
- balance charges to know how many of each element Write number as subscript

11. ACID/BASE PROPERTIES OF ACIDS: IONIC SO CONDUCT ELECTRICITY;
SOUR, pH < 7, BLUE LITMUS TURNS RED
BASES:
USE IONIC NAME; OFTEN HAVE OH- (HYDROXIDE) AS NEGATIVE ION.
BITTER, SLIPPERY, pH > 7, RED LITMUS TURNS BLUE

12. SOLUBILITY OF IONIC CMPDS.

13. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS PREFIXES MUST BE MEMORIZED: 1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4
tetra 5
penta 6
hexa 7
hepta 8
octa 9
nona 10
deca
MOLECULAR ELEMENTS MUST BE MEMORIZED:
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, O3, P4, S8
COMMON COMPOUNDS MUST BE MEMORIZED:
H2O, H2O2, NH3, C12H22O11, C6H12O6, CH4, C3H8, CH3OH, C2H5OH
WATER, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, AMMONIA, SUCROSE, GLUCOSE, METHANE, PROPANE, METHANOL, ETHANOL

14. CHEMICAL REACTIONS
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS SAYS MATTER CAN NOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. THE ATOMS THAT GO INTO A CHEMICAL REACTION MUST COME OUT IN THE SAME QUANTITY (ALTHOUGH MAY APPEAR IN NEW COMPOUNDS WITH OTHER ATOMS).
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
REACTANTS ==========> PRODUCTS

15. BALANCING EQUATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUAL FORMULAS ARE WRITTEN CORRECTLY (IONIC, MOLECULAR)
WRITE DOWN ALL ELEMENTS ON REACTANTS SIDE; WRITE SAME ELEMENTS ON PRODUCTS SIDE.
COUNT HOW MANY OF EACH ATOM ON EACH SIDE.
BALANCE REACTANTS WITH PRODUCTS USING COEFFICIENTS IN FRONT OF ATOMS (OR COMPOUNDS) THAT ARE UNBALANCED. **HINT** START WITH ELEMENTS APPEARING ONLY ONCE ON EACH SIDE.
GO BACK TO STEP 3 UNTIL EVERYTHING BALANCES.
CHECK!!!

16. TYPES OF REACTIONS FORMATION (SYNTHESIS)(COMPOSITION) A + B  AB
2) DECOMPOSITION
AB  A + B
3) SINGLE REPLACEMENT
A + BC  AC + B OR
A + BC  C + BA
4) DOUBLE REPLACEMENT
AB + CD  AD + CB
5) HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION
CXHY + O2  CO2 + H2O