1. Ancient Greece S. Saunders

2. 3.5 Identify those factors which united and divided the Greek people.
3.6 Describe the main features of Persian civilization.
3.7 Identify the causes and critical battles of the wars between the Greeks and Persians and explain why the Greeks were ultimately victorious.

3. Minoan: BCE
Mycenaean: BCE
The Greek Dark Ages: BCE
City-States/Colonization: BCE
Persian Wars: BCE
Classical Greece: BCE
The Hellenistic Age: BCE
Greco-Roman Period: 27 BCE-400 AD

4. Little is know about these years – hence, ‘dark’
A time of chaos and movement of people
New invaders – the Dorians- coming from the north conquering and displacing the Greek-speaking people all around the Aegean Sea dividing the Greek people up
Greek settlers on Asia Minor became known as the Ionians
After 300 years, new independent communities begin to develop.

5. .

6. By 750 BCE: Greece emerging from the Dark Age.
The city-state (polis) was the focus of Greek life.
Polis = city and surrounding area. Homes, farms, orchards, fields, etc…
Had its own independent government and way of life. Centre for political, social, religious activities.
Our word politics comes from the word polis.
Each polis = extremely independent. Greeks did NOT consider themselves one unified people.

7. A fortified area at the top of the hill in the city = acropolis.
Citizens could retreat to the acropolis during attack
also where temples and public buildings were built.
Below the acropolis was the agora where people could assemble for sharing information and market.

8. Even a large polis was rarely more than 20 000 people (closer to a town than a city).
Exceptions: Athens and Sparta.
Ancient Greek identity strongly tied to the polis.
Personal honour and civic duty were one and the same.
The polis was important above all else.

9. Was imperialistic and expansionist
Persians would conquer territory and would allow the people to govern themselves – would pay money to the Persian authorities.
As the Greeks spread throughout the Mediterranean, they came in contact with the Persian Empire.

11. Persia=Iran today
Great military state
Initial Persian Leader: Cyrus the Great (580—529 BC)
Took over Asia Minor in 546 BC.
Athenians upset because of colonies there—revolts occur.
Darius I (Fourth Persian ruler, BC) hated the Greeks. He sent messengers warning of an attack to conquer territory
The Athenians asked the Spartans for help if the Persians attacked.
They both then ignored the Persian warnings.

15.
11 minutes

16. The Greco-Persian Wars
Outcome 3.7
Identify the causes and critical battles of the wars between the Greeks and the Persians and explain why the Greeks were ultimately victorious

17. Herodotus: Greek historian (c. 484–425 BCE)
A contemporary of Thucydides and Socrates.
“ The Father of History”
Studied the works of Homer.
Considered the first to collect history methodically and systematically.
Famous for The Histories
The Greco-Persian Wars
Collected anecdotal evidence from others. Some just fanciful stories; other parts verified by modern historians.

18. 490 BCE: Battle of Marathon (WIN for Greeks)
The Battle of Marathon (7:41)
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20000 Persians vs Athenians.
Persians land on Plains of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens.
Pheidippides sent to Sparta requesting help.
Sparta could not help because of a helot revolt.
Miltiades used hoplites to attack Persians.
Result: Persians killed, 192 Athenians.
Persians went to out to sea… and waited!

19. The Battle of Marathon

20. 480 BCE: Battle of Thermopylae Leonidas and the 300 of Sparta (5:03)
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Sparta agreed to help Athens after seeing the Persians can be defeated.
Themistocles new general. (Athenian General/politician)
Greeks to met the Persians at the narrow passage of Thermopylae.
7300 Greeks at the passage.
A traitor led the Persians around the Greeks.
The 7300 were killed.
Persians sacked and burned Athens.

21. The Battle of Thermopylae

22. The Battle of Salamis: Athens vs Persia
480 BCE: Battle of Salamis
The Battle of Salamis: Athens vs Persia
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Naval battle (fought on ships).
Greeks ships were waiting in Salamis Bay.
Persian ships too large to enter through straights. They ran into each other and sank.
Persians turned around and retreated. The Greeks followed for a year.

24. 449 BCE: End of the Persian Wars Greeks won against Persians.
How were they successful?
They were more organized
They were determined not to be ruled by foreigners
They were unified
Greeks = complete control of the Aegean world.
Trade flourished and the power and culture of the Greeks became recognized.
The Greeks = strong sense of unity for the first time in their history.
Begins the Golden Age of Greece.