1. Biology Chapter 3
A VIEW OF THE CELL

2. The Discovery of Cells
I.Cell-is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life processes.
A.Robert Hooke-(1665) observed cork through the little boxes and he saw rooms that resembled the rooms of monks called cells.

3. Scientists & the cell
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed cells under a microscope in 1665.
C. Matthias Schleiden (1838)-stated that all plants are made of cells.
D.Theodor Schwann (1839)-stated that all animals were made of cells.

4. THE CELL THEORY
E. Rudolph Virchow (1855)-stated that all cells come from other cells.
III. This led to the cell theory:
--A. All living things are made of cells.
--B.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
--C. Cells only come from pre-existing cells.

5. IV. TYPES OF CELLS A. SIZE: 2 micrometers-2 meters
CELL SHAPE LIMITED TO A RATIO OF VOLUME/OUTER SURFACE AREA
B. Shape: Cube (Plants) or Spherical (Animals)
D.Eukaryotes-have a nucleus
E. Prokaryotes-genetic material is floating in the cytoplasm; no nucleus

6. V. PARTS OF THE CELL
A. Plasma membrane-semipermeable, 2 layers phospholipid, for protection of the internal cell
-MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS – BIOLOGICAL BALANCE INCLUDES TRANSPORT PROTEINS
Head-polar (hydrophilic)-water loving
Tail-nonpolar (hydrophobic)-water hating

7. Parts of the Cell
B. Cytoplasm-jelly-like substance, exhibits cytoplasmic streaming

8. Parts of the Cell
C. Ribosomes-site where proteins are made.

9. Parts of the Cell
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-is a transport unit for the cell.
There are two parts of the ER :
a. Smooth ER-no ribosomes present!
b. Rough ER-ribosomes present!

10. Parts of the Cell
E. Golgi Apparatus- (GAP)-packaging and distribution center.
Just like the post office!

11. Parts of the Cell
F. Mitochondria-(ME) cellular respiration helps convert food into energy; the “POWERHOUSE” of the cell!

12. contains digestive enzymes!
PARTS OF THE CELL
G. Lysosomes-(LD)
contains digestive enzymes!

13. H. Cilia- small hair like projections that helps the cell move!!!!!
PARTS OF THE CELL
H. Cilia- small hair like projections that helps the cell move!!!!!
I. Flagella- a whip like structure that helps move the cell!

14. Parts of the Cell
J.Nucleus-the brain of the cell, controls all cell functions, contains genetic material.
K. Nucleolus-(round ball) manufactures ribosomes.
Nuclear Envelope-protects nucleus!

15. Parts of the Cell
O. Cytoskeleton-made up of microtubules & microfilaments, which give structure and support to the cell.

16. The next 3 parts of a cell are only found in plants!!!!!
CELL WALL
CENTRAL VACUOLE
CHLOROPLAST!

17. Parts of the Cell
L. Cell Wall-is a rigid outer covering of the plant cell. It supports the cell!

18. Parts of a Cell
M. Vacuoles-containers or sacs that store water, sugar, food, etc.
Central vacuole in plants!

19. Parts of the Cell
N. Chloroplasts- (contain chlorophyll) which capture energy from the sun! (photosynthesis)
Chromoplasts-pigments
Leucoplasts-store starch

20. Parts of the Cell
Centrioles are short cylinders with a pattern of microtubule triplets.
Centrioles may be involved in microtubule formation and disassembly during cell division and in the organization of cilia and flagella.

21. Quiz Time!!!!!

22. QUIZ TIME!!!!!