1. Patterns of Evolution & Speciation – Part 1pp

2. Convergent Evolution
Occurs when different organisms that live in similar environments develop similar characteristics.
The environment selects similar adaptations in unrelated species.
Organisms develop analogous structures (same function, but different internal anatomy).
Examples: - Bird wings/insect wings
- Shark fins/dolphin fins

4. More examples: Placental Mammals: top row
Marsupial Mammals: bottom row

6. Coevolution
occurs when two or more species influence each other's evolution
Types:
Mutualistic
Competitive

7. Types of interactions that can lead to coevolution:

8. Example of Mutualism Acacias & Ants:
Acacias have nest sites and nectar for the ants
Ants protect the acacia plant from herbivores, remove fungal spores, & attack shading plants

9. Example of Commensalism
Mimicry – when one organism evolves to look like the other in order to benefit itself. The mimic benefits while the model is unaffected.

10. Divergent Evolution
The process by which related organisms become less alike
Organisms become adapted to different environmental conditions
Caused by isolation of part of a population due to migration or geographic barriers

11. Also known as adaptive radiation.
Can cause speciation
Examples:
Darwin’s Finches.
Brown bears and polar bears

12. Divergent Evolution