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Modern Periodic Table
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The Periodic Law In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (increasing number of protons)
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Rows on the Periodic Table
Each row in the table of elements is a period. Each period has a different energy level associated with it. 1st energy level 2nd energy level 3rd energy level
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Columns on the Periodic Table
Each column on the periodic table is called a group or family. Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups.
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Periodic Law Elements in a group have similar electron configurations.
Elements in a group have similar chemical properties. The pattern of repeating properties is called periodic law.
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Classes of Elements Three different ways to classify elements:
Phase of matter at room temperature Naturally occurring vs. not naturally occurring General properties Metals (on left side) Nonmetals (on right side) Metalloids (in middle)
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Metals Elements that are good conductors.
Solid at room temperature (except Mercury) Most are malleable. Many are ductile (drawn into wires) Transition metals (groups 3-12) Form a bridge between the left and right sides of table. Form compounds with distinctive colors. cool reactions more cool reactions
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Nonmetals Elements that are poor conductors
Elements have low boiling points Many are gases at room temperature Some are solids at room temperature but are very brittle.
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Metalloids Properties of this group vary.
For example, a metalloids ability to conduct electricity varies with temperature.
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Variation Across a Period
Across a period, from left to right, the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties. Most reactive metals on left side Most reactive non-metals on the right side more cool reactions
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