1. Doc.dr Tijana Dabić tdabic@sinergija.edu.ba
Uvod u lingvistiku
Doc.dr Tijana Dabić

2. Linguistics Lingua / language
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.
What is language? How does language work? What do all languages have in common? How does human language differ from animal communication? How does a child learn to speak?
Linguist - a person who studies linguistics. Linguists in the sense of linguistics experts need not be fluent in languages, though they must have a wide experience of different types of language.

3. How does linguistics differ from traditional grammar?
linguistics is descriptive, not prescriptive
linguists regard the spoken language as primary, rather than the written.
it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.

4. The Scope of Linguistics
SYNTAX – the structure of language
SEMANTICS – the meaning of language
MORPHOLOGY – the structure of words
PHONETICS – the properties of sounds
PHONOLOGY – patterns of sounds.
Provide the examples.

5. How language can be distinguished from animal communication?
USE OF SIGNALS (crab, bees…)
ARBITRARINESS (how a cat defends vs. human, elephant –word/meaning)
THE NEED FOR LEARNING (automatic vs taught –bee dancing)
DUALITY (signals – messages, cows-10, chickens-10../ human language a stock of sounds/phonemes-meaningless, meaningful when combined)
DISPLACEMENT (animals –immediate environment)
CREATIVITY ( limited number of messages and topics – bees nectar
PATTERNING (no internal organization within the system, humans t,b,s,a …sentences the burglar, loudly, sneezed).
Language is a patterned system of arbitrary sound signals, characterized by creativity, displacement, duality and cultural transmission.