1. Women and work, human rights & challenges in New Zealand
Dr Jackie Blue
EEO Commissioner

2. The 1950’s
The next 9 slides are courtesy of Dr Rose Ryan who developed these slides for a CTU women’s conference in I have updated where I can the stats.
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

3. Life in 1951 for women 24% of university students
25% of women in the labour force
Average age of first birth 23 years
Average number of children = 4
5% female MPs
Our most common occupation was clerical work
Waterfront dispute union protest, Wellington 1951
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

4. The 1970’s…

5. Air hostesses model new NEC uniforms in the 1970s
Life in 1971 for women
33% of tertiary education students
39% of women overall in the labour force
4 elected members of Parliament
Our most common occupation was clerical work
Women earned 69% of men’s average hourly earnings
Air hostesses model new NEC uniforms in the 1970s I.
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

6. …and now
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

7. ………………………….for women 60 % of tertiary graduates are female
64 % female labour force participation rate
31% female MPs
Average age at first birth 28 years
Average number of children = 2
57% of professionals are women. Women still dominate in community and personal service workers, clerical and sales
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

9. How work has changed in 100 years
TOP TEN OCCUPATIONS
1906   
House servant
Dressmaker/tailor
Tea-room/eating house keeper
School teacher
Draper
Sick-nurse
Lodging housekeeper  
Lodging houseservant  
Clerk 
Milliner 
TOTAL 64%
2006
Sales assistant
General clerk
Personal care assistant
Primary school teacher  
Receptionist
Sales representative
Commercial cleaner  
Nurse (registered) 
Accounts clerk  
Retail manager  
TOTAL  30.8%
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

10. What has changed for women
Our female population is increasingly diverse
We have increasing rates of participation in higher education
Our labour force participation rate has grown
Graduate gender pay gap divergent
6 % at start and widens to 17% after 5 years ( MWA 2010)
Females spent an average 4 hours and 20 minutes a day on unpaid work; males did 2 ½ hours (Time Use Survey 2009/10)
Dr Rose Ryan, Heathrose

12. Extrapolating out……………

13. State Services Commission Human Resource Capability Survey 2014 –
Public Service Pay-Gender Gap
Dr Jackie Blue presentation Chartered Accountants NZ July 2015

14. Aon Hewitt Remuneration Survey 2013 ( 124 NZ organisations in most industry sectors)
Across the market women are paid less than men at the same organisational level
Courtesy AON HEWITT

15. Aon Hewitt Remuneration Survey 2013
Even in professions that are dominated by women, men still earn a premium
Dr Jackie Blue presentation Chartered Accountants NZ July 2015

16. Aon Hewitt Remuneration Survey 2013
Dr Jackie Blue presentation Chartered Accountants NZ July 2015

17. Pay Equity Claims Aged care workers Midwives Education support workers
CYF social workers

18. Progress of Pay Equity in New Zealand
Equal Pay Act extended pay equity coverage to the private sector.
Human Rights Act made it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of sex (including pregnancy), marital status + family status.
Employment Equity Act 1990 addressed both equal employment opportunity and pay equity
Repealed 6 months after it was introduced
EEO Trust established
Primary teachers and principals with the same job size, experience and qualifications received the same pay as secondary teachers and principals
Pay and Employment Equity Unit established in the Department of Labour
2009 – Unit discontinued
2015/2016 ???

19. TRACKING EQUALITY AT WORK
tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz Dr

20. History Tracking Equality at Work 2011 Tracking Equality at work 2014
Employment
Pay
Leadership
Discrimination

21. tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz
tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz

22. Pay rates labour market 2014 - Tracking Equalities at Work

23. Pay rates public service 2014 -Tracking Equalities at Work

24. Minimum wage earners 2014 Tracking Equalities at Work

25. Labour Force Participation
EMPLOYMENT
2011
2014
MARGINALISED
Labour Force Participation
68%
68.6%
All Females,
Pacific Women (15-24),
MELAA+ Women (15-24)
NEET
11.6%
10.7%
All Females,
Maori & Pacific peoples (20s)
MELAA+ Women (20s)
Under-Employment
3.9%
3.9%
All Females,
All young people under 25 (except Asian)
Unemployment
6.4%
5.4%
Maori & Pacific people under 25
@DrJackieBlue | Tracking Equality at Work | tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz

26. Annual Median FTE Salary (Public Service)
PAY
2011
2014
MARGINALISED
Minimum Wage
$13.00
$14.25
Young People and women over 25
Minimum Wage DPI
Women: 1.2
Women: 1.1
All Females,
Young people under 25
Maori & Pacific (slightly)
Median Hourly Pay
$20.38
$21.97
All Females,
All ethnicities except European
Annual Median FTE Salary (Public Service)
$56,000
$60,000
All Females
Maori & Pacific
@DrJackieBlue | Tracking Equality at Work | tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz

27. Private Organisations
LEADERSHIP
2011
2014
MARGINALISED
Public Sector: Boards
41.1%
41.7%
All Females (no ethnicity data available)
Public Sector: SMT
39.6%
42%
All Females,
Maori, Asian, Pacific peoples
LEADERSHIP
2013
2014
MARGINALISED
Private: NZX Boards
12.4%
14.4%
All Females (no ethnicity or disability data available)
Private Organisations
SMT
32%
19%
All Females (no ethnicity or disability data available)
@DrJackieBlue | Tracking Equality at Work | tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz

28. DISCRIMINATION 2014 MARGINALISED
Complaints in employment by complainant
294 (mainly Women)
The Commission remains concerned that there is significant under-reporting
In some instances the Commission data is incomplete
MBIE, through the ERA, deal with employment issues that may also cover unlawful discrimination & sexual harassment. This data is not in a form that can be included in the Commission’s stats currently
Complaints in pre-employment by complainant
123 (mainly Women)
Complaints in employment by grounds of discrimination
306 (mainly race & disability based)
Complaints in pre-employment by grounds of discrimination
130 (mainly disability)
Complaints about sexual harassment
58 (majority are Women)
@DrJackieBlue | Tracking Equality at Work | tracking-equality.hrc.co.nz

29. Recommendations Employment Pay Leadership Discrimination
MBIE focus on marginalised groups
Disabled people recommendation ( DAP)
Pay
Government equal pay for equal value 2020
State sector publish gender +ethnic pay gaps with plan to eliminate
Disabled people MWE recommendation (DAP)
Leadership
Government use special measures to promote under represented groups into senior leadership roles
Responsible Ministers ensure gender and ethnic diverse appointments to state sector boards
NZX strengthen gender reporting - all companies must have policy and report on implementation
Discrimination
HRC + MBIE develop action plan to encourage use of complaints mechanism
ERA collect disaggregated data regarding discrimination + sexual harassment

30. New Zealand’s Second

31. Our first NPA in 2004
We consulted many interested groups and civil societies
Produced a 444 page document with a ‘wish list’ of 177 recommendations
Essentially ignored by the Government
We knew for the 2nd NPA we would have to do things differently

34. What happens next ? (remainder) – education to civil society and officials of key government agencies Early 2016 – Turn on the SMART actions – bring together issues roundtables between civil society and Government e.g disabled peoples issues Continue to update NPA as actions are strengthened and/or new actions/policy are added Begin monitoring, develop indicators

35. What can Zonta do ? Challenge the strength of actions
Challenge SMART criteria of actions
Challenge why some UPRs were rejected
Challenge gaps – UPR recs that were accepted but there are no Government actions
Keep talking about the issues that were not picked up in the UPR recs

36. Vulnerable groups of women Data collection crucial
Gender equality in pay, employment and leadership has yet to be realised
UN Women’s Empowerment Principles
Government must lead
Vulnerable groups of women
Data collection crucial
SDGs # 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
indicators to be globally but monitored by ? NZ Stats