Collected and edited by: College

Collected and edited by: Lecturer@Business College
ALAIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE: GENERAL EDUCATION Computer Skills Collected and edited by: Zaydoon Hatamleh College Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

COMPUTERS IN YOUR FUTURE
Chapter1 Becoming Fluent with Computers Chapter1 Becoming Fluent with Computers What You Will Learn The importance of computer fluency The four basic operations of a computer The information processing cycle Responsible computer usage Hardware devices that handle input, processing, output, and storage The difference between system and application software Internet services NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc
Computer Fluency EDUCATION THE FUTURE? ENGINEERING NOT THIS COMMERCE ORGANIZING TASKS HOME COMPUTING PERSONAL PRODUCTIVITY The knowledge and skills possessed by people who are able to navigate the digital world successfully. Computer-literate people are skilled in using computers and the Internet. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc I

Understanding the Computer
A computer is a machine that, under a program’s direction, performs four basic operations: input, processing, output, and storage. A program is a list of instructions that tells a computer how perform the four operations. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Processing Arithmetic Logic 4 + 16 = 20 728 > 546 The second operation. The computer performs arithmetic or comparison (logical) operations on the data. Data is processed into information. Performed at a very high speed. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

The Information Processing Cycle
Input Processing Output Storage The computer performs the four basic operations (input, processing, output, and storage). NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Using Computers Responsibly
Cyber phobia is the fear of using computers. Don’t be afraid to use computers. Understand the risks and limitations of using a computer. Recognize that programs may be flawed or contain bugs. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Hardware Hardware is the computer’s physical components. The components include: Input devices– Enable users to enter data into the computer for processing. Processing Unit– Components located in the system’s case that transform data into information. Output devices– Peripherals that show/print the results of processing. Storage devices– Used to store all the programs and data that the computer uses. Communication Devices– Used to move data between computers. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Input: insert data into a computer
Key Terms Keyboard– Enables the user to input characters. Pointing device– Enables the user to move an on– screen pointer. Speech-recognition– A program that enables the computer to transcribe spoken words into text. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Processing: Transforming Data into Information
Key Terms Central processing unit (CPU)– The computer’s processing unit. It is also called a microprocessor. Brain of the computer--it is the 'compute' in computer. Without the CPU, you have no computer. Main Memory– Chips that store program instructions temporarily. Random access memory (RAM) is the most important type. Read-Only Memory (ROM) and Cache is another examples of main memory. Both CPU and Main memory located inside the Motherboard– The computer’s main circuit board. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Output: Displaying the Information
Key Terms Monitors– Display processing results on a screen. Cathode ray tube– Monitor similar to televisions. Flat-panel displays (LCD)– Monitor that uses liquid crystal diodes. Speakers– Enable the user to hear the results of sound processing. Printers– Generate output on paper. Inkjet printers: use liquid ink sprayed through microscopic nozzles onto the paper. Laser printers: use a toner cartridge (filled with fine powder) and a heated fuser. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Storage: Holding Programs and Data for Future Use
Key Terms Storage media (Secondary memory)– Save Programs and Data permanently. Magnetic storage media– Uses magnetically sensitive material. Hard disk Floppy disk Optical storage media– Uses a laser beam to scan pits etched into a disc. CD-ROM DVD-ROM NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Comparison between Main Memory and Secondary Memory (Storage Devices)
Fast Expensive Low capacity Works directly with the processor. Volatile. Examples: RAM,CACHE, and ROM Slow Cheap Large capacity Not connected directly to the processor. Nonvolatile. Examples: Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, CD, DVD. Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Communications Devices
Key Terms Computer network– Two or more computers linked by some type of connection. Modem– Enables access to other computers by way of a telephone line. Network interface card (NIC)– Enables computers to connect to each other in a limited geographic area. Local area network (LAN)– Computers connected to each other within a building or group of buildings. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Communications Devices
Modem Network Interface Card– NIC NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Introducing Software Software consists of the programs that give the computer’s hardware its step-by-step instructions. Software is created by programmers using a programming language. Transferring a program into the computer’s memory is called loading. Once loaded into memory the program’s instructions are carried out or executed. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Types of Software System software Application software System software– All programs that help the computer function properly. Application software– All the programs you use to perform a task such as writing a letter or browsing the World Wide Web. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

System Software System software is divided into two categories: The operating system: Provides support for running application software. Coordinates the various functions of the computer’s hardware. System utilities: Are programs for optimizing computer performance. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Types of Operating Systems
Command-line interface– Users type instructions at the keyboard, one line at a time. Examples: MS-DOS, PC DOS, UNIX Graphical user interface (GUI)– Users choose items from menus by using a pointing device to click on icons which represent resources and commands. Examples: Windows, Mac OS NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Application Software Application software includes all programs that enable us to use the computer in a useful way. Custom software is developed for specific needs. Packaged software is produced for the mass market. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Software Suite MS EXCEL MS POWERPOINT MS WORD MS ACCESS MS FRONT PAGE A collection of full-featured standalone programs that usually share a common command structure and have similar interfaces. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Comparison between System and Applications Software
Systems Software Applications Software Operating system Networking system Programming language software Web site server Data backup Word processors Game programs Spreadsheets Data base systems Graphics programs Web browsers Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Internet Services World Wide Web– (WWW) Electronic commerce– (e-commerce) Electronic mail– ( ) File Transfer Protocol– (FTP) Instant messaging Standards and software that make Internet resources, such as Web pages, files, and electronic mail available to users. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Chapter 1 Summary Computer fluency refers to a person’s ease in navigating the digital world successfully. A computer is a machine that performs the operations of input, processing, output and storage. Programs provide instructions which direct and control the computer. The information processing cycle consists of the input, processing, output, and storage operations. The two types of processing cycles are batch and interactive. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

Chapter 1 Summary cont. A computer system is composed of hardware and software. Typical input devices are the keyboard and mouse. Processing is done by the CPU and RAM. Monitors and printers are the typical output devices. Long term storage is handled by the hard disk. System software helps the computer to function properly. The Internet is a global network. Internet services include , WWW, instant messaging, e-commerce, data exchange networks, and FTP. NEXT SLIDE Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc

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