1. Authors names: Laurentiu Florin Preda
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest
Faculty of Horticulture
International Student Symposium “Hortus Academicus”
March 29, 2019, Bucharest, Romania
Comparison between the consumers sensorial perception of apple scab sensitive varieties versus the resistant ones
Authors names: Laurentiu Florin Preda
Coordinator Professor: Florin Stanică
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

2. Introduction
Apples (Malus domestica) are pomaceous fruits produced by apple tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. 
Apples are some of the most popular and delicious fruits on the planet. There are more than 7,500 varieties and they come in a variety of colors namely red, yellow, and green.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

3. Introduction Apple orchards in the EU covered 473,500 ha in 2017.
About one third (34.0%) of the area devoted to apple orchards in the EU was found in Poland (160,800 ha) in 2017, with a further one quarter split evenly between Italy and Romania (55,800 ha and 55,100 ha respectively).
Together with France (8.1 % of the EU total), Germany (7.2 %), Spain (5.8 %) and Hungary (5.3 %), these seven EU Member States accounted for more than two-fifths (83.7%) of the total EU area under apple trees
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

4. Introduction
According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, apples contain many essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. 
They are free of fat, sodium, and cholesterol. Antioxidants, potassium, high dietary fiber, vitamin C, and a few vitamin B (vitamin B6) are responsible for the long list of health benefits attributed to apples.
The other important nutrients in apple include calcium, vitamin K, iron, copper, phosphorus, and magnesium.
They are also packed with phytonutrients and flavonoids like quercetin, epicatechin, phloridzin and other polyphenolic compounds.

5. Introduction
Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) is an important and dangerous pathogen, specific treatment being required and, in many cases, the products exceed the new pesticides limits. Every year, new resistant varieties are released by breeders and before their spread into commercial orchards, they need to be tested in specific growing conditions.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

6. Introduction
The Vf-cultivars stiil had limited success to consumers, one reason being the acid taste from M. floribunda present in the final cultivar. (Sandskär, 2003) An important instrument to asses the consumer preferences is the senzorial analyze.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

7. Objective
The objective of the study is to compare the consumers sensorial perception of apple scab sensitive varieties versus the resistant ones through senzorial analyze.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

8. Materials and Methods 1. Plant Material.
More than 25 apple varieties are cultivated and monitored
Place: Didactic Experimental Orchard of the Faculty of Horticulture within USAMV
Most of the trees are grafted of M9 rootstock, planted at 3.5 x 1.0 m and led as Vertical Axe.
The soil is maintained covered with a mixture of perennial grasses on the interrow and clean with herbicide on the row.
Drip irrigation is applied.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

9. Materials and Methods Aura Galaxy Bistrițean
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

10. Materials and Methods Dalinette Generos Iris
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

11. Materials and Methods Rebra Gala King Jonaprim
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

12. Materials and Methods Redix Remar Starkprim
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

13. Materials and Methods Apples were harvested in August 28th.
Biometric analyzes were made at the harvest and at the tasting time
After harvesting, the fruits were kept in cold rooms.
22 October 2018 – first session of evaluation through sensorial analyze.
19 December 2018 – second session of evaluation.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

14. Materials and Methods 2. Senzorial analyze Testing parameters:
fruit size, shape, atractivness
Pulp firmness, juiceness, colour
Taste, aroma
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

15. Results and discussions
Automn varieties
Results and discussions
Variety
Fruit size (3…1)
Fruit colour (3…1)
Atractivity (5…1)
Pulp firmness (5…1)
Pulp juiceness (3…1)
Pulp colour (3…1)
Taste (6…1)
Aroma (4…1)
Total Min=8 Max=32
Aura*
2,84
2,20
3,44
2,36
2,24
3,32
2,52
21,76
Bistritean*
2,63
2,34
3,60
1,33
2,25
2,21
3,17
2,17
20,83
Dalinette*
2,33
3,38
4,43
2,86
2,05
3,67
2,57
23,81
Gala King
2,30
2,61
4,00
3,43
2,39
2,48
4,22
3,09
24,52
Galaxy
1,96
3,33
2,46
3,92
2,79
22,50
Generos*
2,56
2,12
2,76
3,52
2,40
2,32
4,12
3,08
22,88
Iris*
3,46
2,77
1,88
2,27
2,92
2,19
20,42
Jonaprim*
2,04
2,28
2,68
2,08
3,24
19,76
Rebra*
2,60
2,16
3,20
20,72
Red Elstar
2,45
2,55
3,05
2,41
20,50
Redix*
2,26
2,83
3,87
3,13
2,18
3,48
2,43
22,26
Remo*
1,86
2,95
3,00
2,00
3,19
19,90
Rene*
1,72
2,44
2,80
20,20
Starkprim*
2,29
2,96
3,42
2,58
21,46
Remar*
3,95
2,14
21,67
Mediium
3,21
21,55
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

16. Results and discussions
Automn varieties
Results and discussions
The most appreciated: Gala King (24,52), Dalinette* (23,81), Generos* (22,88), Galaxy (22,50)
Less appreciated: Remo* (19,90), Jonaprim* (19,76)
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

17. Results and discussions
Generos*
Fruit
Size: 2.56/3
Colour: 2.12/3
Atractivity: 2.76/5
Firmness: 3.52/5
Pulp
Juiceness: 2.4/3
Colour: 2.32/3
Taste: 4.12/6
Aroma: 3.08/4
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

18. Results and discussions
Automn varieties
Results and discussions
Firmness evoluated between 4,57 kg/cm2 (Starkprim*), 4,88 kg/cm2 (Red Elstar) to 7,89 kg/cm2 (Dalinette*)
Total soluble sugars: 9,73 % Brix (Bistrițean*) to 13,51%Brix (Jonaprim*)
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

19. Results and discussions
Automn varieties
Results and discussions
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

20. Results and discussions
Automn varieties
Results and discussions
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

21. Results and discussions
Automn varieties
Results and discussions
Yin et al, 2017 – the most appreciated food products combine the taste and aroma
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

22. Conclusions and recommendations
Apple scab resistant varieties are well appreciated by the consumers
Total soluble sugars: 9,73 % Brix (Bistrițean*) to 13,51%Brix (Jonaprim*)
The most appreciated: Gala King (24,52), Dalinette* (23,81), Generos*(22,88), Galaxy (22,50)
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

23. Cited sources
Asănică A., Hoza D., Pomologie , Editura Ceres , Bucuresti .
Chira C.L., 2005 , Tehnici Hortiviticole Comparatibile cu Mediul Editura Ceres , București.
Cimpoies G., Pomicultura Speciala, Chisinau.
Ghena N., Braniște N., 2003, Cultura Specială a Pomilor, Editura Matrix Rom, București.
Grădinariu G., Pomicultura Specială , Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Iași.
Hoza D., 2000, Pomologie, Editura Prahova.
Sandskär B., Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) and Pests in Organic Orchards, Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp
Yin W., Hewson L., Linforth R., Taylor M., Fisk I.D., Effects of aroma and taste, independently or in combination, on appetite sensation and subsequent food intake, Appetite, Volume 114, p
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania

24. Thank you for your attention!
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, Bucharest, Romania