2. Good morning. Please put 2. 4 on my desk…make sure your name is on it
Good morning! Please put 2.4 on my desk…make sure your name is on it. If you didn’t finish it, I don’t want excuses…just finish it tonight. Take out Contagion notes

3. Migration
Salinas, CA
Haitian Refugees

4. KEY ISSUES Why do people migrate? Where are migrants distributed?
Why do migrants face obstacles?
Why do people migrate within a country?
KEY ISSUES

5. Migration: change in residence that is intended to be permanent
Emigration: migration FROM a location
Immigration: migration TO a location
Net migration: difference between the # IMMIGRANTS and the # of EMIGRANTS
Net in-migration:
immigrants > emigrants
Net out-migration: immigrants < emigrants

6. Major International Migration Patterns, Early 1990s
Why do people migrate?
Emigration and immigration
Change in residence.
Relative to origin and destination.
Major International Migration Patterns, Early 1990s
Slide graphic courtesy of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Hofstra University

7. Types of Migration 2 Types International: one country to another
Primarily a phenomena in Stage 2 Demographic transition countries
2 Types
VOLUNTARY MIGRATION:
chose to leave, usually for
a good reason, not life or death
FORCED MIGRATION:
see no other choice
but to leave

8. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
Voluntary migration
The migrant makes the decision to move.
Most migration is voluntary.
CHAIN MIGRATION: movement because a family member has already migrated to an area “person follows someone else to a place”
Forced Migration
Involuntary migration in which the mover has no role in the decision-making process, or fears for their life.
Slavery.
About 11 million African slaves were brought to the Americas between 1519 and 1867.
In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in the United States.
Refugees.
Military conscription.
Children of migrants.
Situations of divorce or separation (Reluctant Migration)

9. Voluntary African-American Migrations
Great Migration: Black population moved to Industrial Belt (i.e., Chicago, New York, Detroit) and Los Angeles during World Wars (labor shortages).

10. Key Term: Forced Migration

11. Forced Migration
The Trail of Tears, 1838

12. Temporary Migration
Periodic—Temporary or recurrent relocation (college, military service, etc.)
Transhumance—seasonal migration involving farmers (pastoralists) and their cattle
Nomadism—movement among a definite set of places (cyclic)—way of life forced by scarcity of resources

13. Types of Migration Circular migration A type of temporary migration.
Fall / Winter
Spring
Summer
Types of Migration
Circular migration
A type of temporary migration.
Associated with agricultural work.
The migrant follows the harvest of various crops, moving from one place to another each time.
Very common in the US Southwest (Mexican farm workers) and in Western Europe (Eastern European farm workers).

14. Life Course Migration
Movement because of a transitional stage in life.

15. PUSH/PULL FACTORS PUSH: induces people to leave their present location
PULL: induces people to come to a new location
Can be ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC
What are some push/pull factors?
Any personal examples in your family?

17. World Migration Routes Since 1700
Source: adapted from Getis et al. (1991) “Introduction to Geography”. 3rd edition.
European
African (slaves)
Indian
Chinese
Japanese
Majority of population descended from immigrants
Slide graphic courtesy of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Hofstra University

18. Ravenstein’s Theories of Migration…8 patterns identified
Most migrants go a short distance, within same country…DISTANCE DECAY
Long distance migrants head for major centers of economic activity…URBAN AREAS
Gravity Model of Migration…migrants will settle in the closest large community (Cubans to Miami)
Step Migration…most migrants move in a process, small town > larger town > small city > large city

19. Ravenstein’s Theories of Migration…8 patterns identified
5. Most migrants go from RURAL TO URBAN AREAS, this happens both internally and internationally
6. COUNTER MIGRATION OR RETURN MIGRATION: migration in the opposite direction, typical of retirement
7. YOUNG ADULTS are most likely migrants
8. INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS ARE MALE (work)
…INTERNAL MIGRANTS TEND TO BE FEMALE (marriage)